Mixotrophic

Chlorella pyrenoidosa 200-m ponds outdoor sunlight, continuous CO2, urea autotrophic or mixotrophic with acetate 6.0-7.0 19.0-30.5 34... 

Scenedesmus acutus 225-m shallow tanks sunlight, CO2, sugar cane, molasses (mixotrophic) urea 7.0-8.0 20-25 36... 

Nodwell, L. M. and Price, N. M. (2001). Direct use of inorganic colloidal iron by marine mixotrophic phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 765-777. 

Moreira D, Amils R. 1997. Phylogeny of Thiobacillus cuprinus and other mixotrophic thiobacilh proposal for Thiomonas gen. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 522-8. 

Fig.1 Generalized pelagic food web [ 13]. The old view of a simple food chain vertical line in this figure) with phytoplankton (mainly diatoms) at the base, herbivorous mesozoo-plankton (mainly copepods) at the second trophic level, and planktivorous fish has been extended to a pelagic food web including nanoplankton (<20 pm), picoplankton (<2 pm), and their protozoan feeders lower left). Herbivorous tunicates and jellyfish as primary carnivores also play a role, as do mixotrophic flagellates. The main pathway of energy flow depends on the nutrient scenarios [13]. DOC=dissolved organic carbon, HNF=heterotrophic nanoflageUates. From [13] with permission of Kluwer Academic Press...

Brown, A., D. M. McKnight, Y. Chin, M. Uhle, and E. C. Roberts (2002) The influence of mixotroph growth on DOM chemistry in Pony Lake, a eutrophic coastal pond in Antarctica. Manuscript in preparation. 

Bergstrom, A., and A. Isaksson. 2001. The importance of mixotrophic flagellates as bacterial grazers in a large humic lake — results from a three-year study in northern Sweden. In American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, Abstract, p. 23. 

Caron, D. A., R. W. Sanders, E. L. Lim, C. Marrase, L. A. Amaral, S. Whitney, R. B. Aoki, and K. G. Porter. 1993. Light-dependent phagotrophy in the freshwater mixotrophic chryso-phyte Dinobryon cylindricum. Microbial Ecology 25 93-111. 

Rothhaupt, K. O. 1996. Utilization of substitutable carbon and phosphorus sources by the mixotrophic chrysophyte Ochromonas sp. Ecology 77 706—715. 

Fig. 1A-C. Photograph of pak-bung hairy roots A heterotrophic hairy roots B photo mixotrophic hairy roots C photoautotrophic hairy roots...

Table 3 compares the values of Cchb apparent C02 fixation rate, RubisCO activity, and some other enzyme activities among the hairy roots of different types and different parts of the parent plants of pak-bung. The Cchl and AR values in the hairy roots cultivated photomixotrophically with 30 kg m 3 sucrose for 14 days were somewhat lower than those found in parent plant stems. Those values in the photoautotrophs were in excess of the values in the stems although even lower than those in parent plant leaves. Likewise, the C02 fixation rate of photoautotrophic hairy roots reached more than 3.0 times that of photo-mixotrophic ones. 

Morikawa M, Imanaka T. 1993. Isolation of a new mixotrophic bacterium which can fix C02 and assimilate aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons anaerobically. J Ferment Bioengin 76(4) 280-283. 

Only a few compounds can serve as electron donors for sulfate reduction. The most common are pyruvate, lactate, and molecular hydrogen. Sulfate reduction is inhibited by oxygen, nitrate, or ferric ions and its rate is carbon-limited. Some bacteria are facultative chemolithotrophs as they can mixotroph-ically grow on acetate, C02, and H2. 

Gartner, D. and Seitz, H. (1993) Enzyme activities in cardenolide-accumulating, mixotrophic shoot cultures of Digitalis purpurea (L.). ]. Plant Physiol, 141, 269-75. 

Fouchard, S. et al.. Autotrophic and mixotrophic hydrogen photoproduction in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas cells, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 6199, 2005. 

Most of the aerobic nitrification that occurs in natural habitats is thought to be performed by obHgately autotrophic, or in a few cases, mixotrophic, bacteria and archaea. The classical autotrophs are best known and have been assumed to be responsible for the major fluxes in this pathway, so we shall consider them first. 

MulhoUand, M. R. and Lee, C. Peptide hydrolysis and dipeptide uptake in cultures and natural communities dominated by phytoplankton mixotrophs. Limnol. Oceanogr. (submitted). 

---