Mixed-phase cell

Two types of detectors cells exist commercially, the dynamic reservoir cell and the mixed-phase cell. The dynamic reservoir cell separates the gas and liquid streams before measurement of conductivity, while the mixed-phase cell allows... 

A number of mixed sulphide/hydroxides have been deposited, mainly in the search for improved window layers for photovoltaic cells (Chap. 9). These are mostly probably mixed-phase films, although in one case, ln(OH)S, experimental evidence suggests true compound formation [46]. Most of these films have been dealt with in previous chapters (see Chap. 4 under ZnS and Chap. 6 under In and Sn sulphides). One study (described from the viewpoint of its properties in photovoltaic cells in Chap. 9) has not been described previously and will be mentioned briefly here. This deals with Zn(0,0H) and Zn(0,0H,S) deposited from Zn-ammine solutions, the latter film from solutions also containing thiourea [47]. It is of interest to note that the Zn(0,0H) films did not deposit on glass but did on both ZnO- and CulnSe2-type substrates. Even after annealing at 300°C, hydroxide groups were still present in those films. 

Pure hexagonal MCM-41 (sample H) and the hexagonal/lamellar (HL) mixed phases were prepared using the gel composition reported in Ref. 32. The synthesis gel was initially heated at 353 K and later at 423 K, which caused a small or moderate MCM-41 unit-cell enlargement and, usually, a partial transformation to the lamellar phase [28], Samples HL1-HL4 were described in Ref. 28. Samples HL-A and HL-B were obtained under similar conditions. The pure lamellar phase (sample L) was prepared as reported elsewhere [ 15,28],... 

Properties of HL mixed phases with H phase components of enlarged unit-cell parameters. 

Software algorithms for estimating the proportion of S-phase cells are approximations. They can be refined mathematically in the hope of better approaching the biological truth. A mathematical model will always, however, have trouble coping with a biological situation that is disturbed or contains mixed populations behaving in erratic... 

Figure 21 Two complete hysteresis cycles for 4.5 mn CdSe NQDs presented as unit cell voliunes for the wurtzite sixfold-coordinated phase (triangles) and the rock-salt fourfold-coordinated phase (squares) versus pressure. Sohd arrows indicate the direction of pressure change, and dotted boxes indicate the mixed-phase regions. Unlike hulk phase transitions, the wurtzite to rock-salt transformation in nanocrystals is reversible and occurs without the formation of new high-energy defects, as indicated by overlapping hysteresis loops. The shape change that a sliding-plane transformation mechanism (see text) would induce is shown schematically on the right. (Reprinted figure with permission from J.N. Wickham, A.B. Herhold, and A.P. Alivisatos, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 84, 923. 2000 by the American Physical Society)...

Glabe, C.G. (1985b). Interaction of the sperm adhesive protein, bindin, with phospholipid vesicles. II. Bindin induces the fusion of mixed-phase vesicles that contain phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in vitro, J.Cell Biol. 700 800-806. 

In recent years, the characteristics of fluid flow in microchannels have been studied in some detail at the University of Pennsylvania [36]. This work will be discussed in greater detail in section 12.5. As a result of these more fundamental studies. Wilding and coworkers were led to investigate the flow of biological and mixed-phase liquids (water suspensions of small fluorescent polystyrene beads, whole blood, and washed blood cells) as well as distilled water and saline solutions through trapezoidal microchannels of different hydraulic diameters... 

Chakraborty D, Chorkendorff I, Johannessen T. Metamorphosis of the mixed phase PtRu anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells after exposure of methanol In situ and ex situ characterizations. J Power Sources 2007 173(1) 110-20. 

Fig. 22 NMR spectra obtained from 20wt. % C16TAB/D2O (41 °C) at different positions across the gap of a cylindrical Couette cell. The applied shear rate is 20 s. Near the inner wall, a quadmpole splitting is observed, consistent with a nematic phase, while near the outer wall the single peak of an isotropic phase is seen. Both regions are separated by a mixed phase. Reprinted with permission from Fischer et al. [169]...

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