Mitochondria reactive oxygen species

Skulachev VP (2004) Mitochondria, reactive oxygen species and longevity some lessons from the Barja group. Aging Cell 3 17-19... 

Gobe G, Crane D (2010) Mitochondria, reactive oxygen species and cadmium toxicity in the kidney. Toxicol Lett 198(1 ) 49-55. doi 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.013... 

As the power house of the cell, the mitochondrion is essential for energy metabolism. As the motor of cell death (1), this organelle is central to the initiation and regulation of apoptosis. In addition, mitochondria are critically involved in the modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and the mitochondrial respiratory chain is the major source of damaging reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria also play a crucial role in numerous catabolic and anabolic cellular pathways. 

As discussed previously, the mitochondrial theory of ageing rests on the observation that mitochondrial DNA is exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species when the mitochondrion is performing its redox chemistry. These reactive oxygen species cause mutation. These mutations accumulate, gradually damaging the mitochondrion s ability to function. This happens in... 

Another consequence of the failure of electrons to move completely through the ETC is the increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (02 ) in the mitochondrion. Such ROS are produced as oxygen molecules react with electrons at the CoQ or RC I stage. The superoxide and other ROS derived from it (H202 and OH ) cause damage to nearby proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids. 

Ceramide has long been thought to exert many of its effects on the mitochondrion directly. Past evidence has indicated roles for TNFa-induced ceramide accumulation in mitochondria, including inhibition of respiratory chain complexes, generation of reactive oxygen species, and disruption of mitochondrial function. Several studies support these findings. 

A Role for the Mitochondrion and Reactive Oxygen Species in Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia in Yeast... 

Oxidative phosphorylation produces reactive oxygen species (Watkins, 1999). These are deactivated by antioxidants present within the mitochondrion. GSH is present within mitochondria as a scavenger for peroxides and electrophiles. Synthesis of GSH requires ATP... 

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