Protein translocation mitochondria

Koehler, C. M. (2000). Protein translocation pathways of the mitochondrion. FEBS Lett. 476, 27-31. 

The ATP/ADP translocator, also called adenine nucleotide translocase, plays a vital role in the metabolism of aerobic cells because mitochondrial ATP is primarily consumed outside the mitochondria to support biosynthetic reactions. The translocator is the most abundant protein in the mitochondrion two molecules per unit of respiratory... 

Since roughly 1000 stuck translocation intermediates can be observed in a typical yeast mitochondrion, it is thought that mitochondria have approximately 1000 general import pores for the uptake of mitochondrial proteins. 

In the electron transport chain, CcO receives electrons from cytochrome c, a water-soluble heme protein, on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, and transfers them through a series of electron transfer steps to the active site, which contains a heme iron and a copper, where the electrons are used to reduce the molecular oxygen. The protons needed for this reaction are taken from the mitochondrion matrix side throngh two proton-conducting channels. In addition to these chemical protons, four more protons, per every oxygen molecule reduced, are translocated across the membrane. The overall enzymatic reaction of CcO is... 

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