Minimal motion rule

Minimal motion rule The observed stereochemistry of enzymatic reactions usually assumes that the proposed intermediates remain oriented through consecutive steps in a minimal motion relationship to the interacting groups. The selection for minimal motion can be explained ... 

In the formulation above, each atom of a structure model has typically nine parameters (three coordinates, one to six thermal motion parameters, plus optionally one population factor) which must be refined by means of a minimization technique since the measured intensities are affected by errors. A rule of thumb is that 5 to 10 structure factors must be observed per parameter to be refined. As we shall see in Section VI.C, this ratio... 

At least, using the complete Phan Thien Tanner equation, with non-affine motion and modified kinetics enables a correct description of the data in shear and in elongation. However, the parameters that can be determined for this model are bound to be some compromise. This is necessary in order to minimize the deviation to the Lodge-Meissner rule, due to the use of the Gordon-Schowalter derivative. This is also required to give adequate description of both the shear and uniaxial elongational behaviour. Additional undesirable phenomena in some flows have also been pointed out such as oscillations in transient flows. 

Workplace rules and safe work practices are considered administrative controls (Table 11-3). We use administrative controls to decide other measures that are aimed at minimizing exposure to hazards. Such measures can include longer rest breaks, additional substitute employees, exercise breaks to vary body motions, or rotation of employees through different jobs to reduce or even out exposure to hazards. Administrative controls are normally used in conjunction with other controls that more directly prevent or control exposure to hazards [2]. 

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