Miniaturization technologies

The opportunity to reduce the cost per analysis point can be very important for certain applications. One option with FTIR is to use sample stream multiplexing with a manifold system. For gas-based systems this is very straightforward, and does not impose a high cost overhead. Liquid systems are more complex, and are dependent on the nature of the stream involved, and material reactivity, miscibility and viscosity are important factors to consider. As noted previously, with the introduction of new, miniaturized technologies, the hope is that newer, less expensive devices can be produced, and these can provide the needed multiplicity to reduce the cost per analysis point to an acceptable level. 

Background. The term microsensor denotes a transducer that, in some fashion, exploits advanced miniaturization technology, whether an adaptation of integrated circuit technology, or some other microfabrication technique. Within the past decade, a myriad of microsensors have been developed, with capabilities for measurement of temperature, pressure, flow, position, force, acceleration, chemical reactions, and the concentrations of chemical species. The latter measurements, of chemical species, are intrinsically more difficult than the measurement of mechanical variables because in addition to requirements of accuracy, stability, and sensitivity, there is a requirement for specificity. 

Ameel, T.A. Papautsky, L Warrington, R.O. Wegeng, R.S. Drost, M.K. Miniaturization technologies for advanced energy conversion and transfer systems. J. Propulsion Power 2000, 16, 577-582. 

Burbaum, J. J. Miniaturization technologies in HTS How fast, how small how soon Drug Discovery Today 3 313-322,1998. 

Here, the identification of redundant compounds based on molecular diversity considerations is a key requirement, as any reduction in the number of compounds to be synthesized and tested, by reducing redundancy within a database yet not introducing voids, should impact on research efficiency and costs [14]. Even with new miniaturization technologies, smaller compound subsets are essential if more assays are to be handled in a given time frame. Designing subsets using an adequate method enables project teams to find the appropriate balance between the number of compounds for HTS and the project s lifetime. 

This book recognizes the important role that advances in miniaturization technology have had in improvements in the field of micro-instrumentation as it pertains to Process Analytical Technology (PAT). 

McGlennen, R. C., Miniaturization technologies for molecular diagnostics, Clin. Chem., 47, 393, 2001. 

It is clear that the medical device industry will continue to create new diagnostic devices, as well as find therapeutic and assistive solutions for chronic conditions in an ever-aging population. Advances in biosensors, computers, analysis methods and algorithm development, materials, telemedicine, miniaturization technologies,... 

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