Mini-cyclone

If we are interested in what reaches the lower lung then sampling devices should collect dust on the same basis. Sampling devices have been designed which do this, such as the horizontal elutriator as the reference device (heavy and bulky), and the mini-cyclone (lightweight and portable). 

A negative effect found when working at low hquid flow rates is an increase in wash-out times, leading to a subsequent drop in sample throughput In order to mitigate this problem, new low inner volume spray chambers have been developed and their performance has been tested in ICP-MS. For a mini cyclonic spray chamber, called the Cinnabar, wash-out times were found to be significantly shortened with respect to a double pass spray chamber for the analysis of iodine species. Due to its simplicity and the small dispersion provided by this spray chamber, it has also been successfully applied as part of a CE-ICP-MS interface. Low inner volume single pass spray chambers have also been used in various ways as aerosol transport devices for ICP-MS, namely with the nebuliser directly connected to them, with an impact surface (i.e. bead) inside them and as part of a CE-ICP-MS interface. ... 

Table 8 provides a list of pollution prevention practices for reducing air emissions in mini steel mills. Standard treatment technologies for air emissions are as follows. Dust emission control technologies include cyclones, baghouses, and ESPs. Scrubbers are used to control acid mists. 

These are the devices in which fine dispersion occur because of high flow rates or static internals. Three types of mixers are available mixer-settler [4, 5], cyclone [6], and interdigital mixer [3] (see Figure 7.2). The principle of fluid contacting in micromixer-settler is almost similar to the conventional mixer-settler assembly. However, because of the reduced size of the equipment, the moving part of the mixer is replaced by the static. Two-fluid streams are introduced from the top of mixer and biphasic mixture is taken out from the top central line, which is further introduced to the mini-settler where the phases disengage based on their density... 

Fig. 15.1.21. Illustration of a helical-roof cyclone. Cyclone shown features one of the author s (Stein) custom built versions of a Mini CV06 cyclone designed by BiU Pentz (http //billpentz.com/woodworking/cyclone/index.cfm) and bnilt in clear PETG plastic (similar to Lexan but bendable) by Ed Morgano of Clear Vne Cyclones (http //WWW.clearvuecyclones.com)...

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