Minerals process applications introduction

In many applications in mineral processing, papermaking, and waste water treatment, the opposite effect is desired. Then, polymers are used to induce flocculation. Usually, this is achieved by adding polymer, which can bridge two particles. To understand all these effects, we first need to introduce some fundamentals of the structure of polymers in solution and of polymer adsorption. Good introductions into polymer physics are Refs [1308-1310]. Polymer-induced forces are reviewed in Refs [1311 -1313]. 

The next chapter is a review of current practice in lubrication of internal combustion engines and lubricant design. The role of individual lubricant components and their use in mineral and synthetic formulations is covered. This is followed by a discussion of the tribochemical effects of additive interactions. The heart of the manuscript is chapters, "Tribochemical nature of antiwear film , "Surface tribochemistry and activated processes", and "Analytical techniques in lubricating practices". Topics covered include tribofilm formation, organomolybdenum compounds in surface protection, catalytic activity of rubbing surfaces, introduction of some techniques for evaluation of tribofilms composition and analytical techniques for evaluation of lubricant degradation. Examples of the application of basic concepts are introduced, eg., acidity and basicity in the process of lubricant deterioration. 

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