MINERALIZING AGENTS

Versteinerung,/. petrifaction fossil. Versteinerungs-kunde, /. paleontology, -mit-tel, n. (Afin.) mineralizing agent. 

Dissolved titanium method. Hydrothermal synthesis using tetrapropylammonium peroxytitanate (prepared from TEOT, distilled water, 30% aqueous H2O2, and 25% aqueous TPAOH) as the source of Ti and colloidal silica (Ludox AS-40) as the source of Si and TPAOH as template. All additions done at 278 K Preparation using TiCl2, 14% aqueous TPAOH, 30% colloidal silica, and demineralized water Preparation at low pH using fluoride ions as mineralizing agent... 

Observations The current application addresses the need for mineral agent inhibitors that... 

Wet mixes are usually dried before calcination. Calcination is performed continuously in rotary or tunnel kilns, or batchwise in directly fired drum or box furnaces. The temperature at which the mixed metal oxide pigments are formed can be reduced by adding mineralizing agents [3.75]. In the case of chromium rutile pigments, addition of magnesium compounds [3.81] or lithium compounds [3.80] before calcination improves thermal stability in plastics. 

Yang, Y, Pinkas, J, Schaefer, M, Roesky. H, W. Molecular model for aluminophosphates containing fluoride as a structure-directing and mineralizing agent, Angew, Chem.. Int. Ed, 1998, 37, 2650-2653,... 

The second important change was provided by Guth et al. [10] in Mulhouse (France) who introduced the fluoride method in the synthesis of microporous solids. The fluoride ion is a mineralizing agent but can also participate to the reaction and the structure for providing new topologies as shown mainly by Kessler and Ferey s groups [11,12], It is this point which will be developed in this Chapter. 

The most commonly used fining agents in the wine industry are bentonites (mainly containing montmorillonite) and proteins associated to tannins or a mineral agent. Gelatin has also been used in enology since the nineteenth century, but due to the crisis of the mad cow disease in 1999, plant proteins have widely been experimented and are now more and more used on an industrial scale. For this reason, this chapter will essentially focus on bentonite as well as plant proteins. 

For hematites and (inverse) spinels, color is also influenced by the calcination temperature. However, the main driving factor is the actual chemical composition, including the use of mineralizing agents. This opens numerous possibilities to obtain colored pigments with different shades. 

Although an alcohol instead of water was used in the solvothermal system, a small amount of water was still unavoidably introduced due to the use of 85 wt% of phosphoric acid in water as phosphorus source and boehmite (6-coordinated Al) as A1 source. If a fluoride source was used as mineralization agent, a small amount of water could be introduced by the fluorine source as well. Studies indicate that the small amount of water played an important role in the formation of the structures of aluminophosphates from solvothermal systems.[74]... 

SiBSON, R.H. (1987) Earthquake rupturing as a mineralizing agent in hydrothermal systems. Geology, 15, 701-704. 

Figure 1.1 The principal synthesis routes used to prepare metal framework-containing zeotype materials. The four major components are a silicon source, a metal source, a template, and a mineralizing agent. These give the overall reagent mixture that then undergoes crystallization under hydrothermal conditions to produce the desired zeotype material.

Influencing the gel chemistry, such as the kinetics of gel dissolution by the mineralizing agents, and generating precursors , like silicate oligomers in the case of zeolites. 

---