Midazolam placebo-controlled studies

In a double-bhnd, randomized, placebo-controlled study during coronary angiography in 90 patients, midazolam with or without fentanyl and local anesthesia provided better hemodynamic stability than placebo (11). 

In a placebo-controlled study of the effects of midazolam 0.5 mg/kg as a premedicant in 40 children aged 4-6 years having myringotomy, midazolam caused significant amnesia on a cued recall task (43). In addition, free recall for post-drug events was also impaired by midazolam, suggesting that benzodiazepine-induced amnesia occurs even for highly salient information. 

The effects of intramuscular premedication with either clonidine 2 micrograms/kg or midazolam 70 micrograms/ kg on perioperative responses to ketamine anesthesia have been assessed in a placebo-controlled study in 30 patients (14). Clonidine significantly reduced intraoperative oxygen consumption, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate compared with midazolam and placebo. Thus, clonidine was as effective as midazolam, the standard drug used for this purpose, in reducing the undesirable sympathetic stimulation of ketamine. 

A further double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 24 patients found that propofol decreased the clearance of midazolam by 37% and increased its elimination half-life by 61%. ... 

Thiopental has been shown to act synergistically with midazolam at induction of anaesthesia in two studies. " In one of these studies, midazolam reduced the dose of thiopental required to produce anaesthesia by 50%." In a further double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 23 patients, premedication with intravenous midazolam 50 micrograms/kg, given 20 minutes before the induction of anaesthesia, reduced the thiopental dose requirements for multiple anaesthetic end-points, including hypnotic, motor, EEG and analgesia. Potentiation was greatest for the motor endpoint (about 40%) and smallest for analgesia (18%). ... 

In a randomised, placebo-controlled study, 24 healthy subjects were given aprepitant 125 mg on day one then 80 mg daily for a further 2 days. A single 2-mg intravenous dose of midazolam was given on days 4,8 and 15. The 3-day aprepitant regimen increased midazolam levels slightly on day 4 (AUC increased by 25% and clearance reduced by 20%), decreased midazolam levels slightly on day 8 (AUC decreased by 19% and clearance increased by 24%) and had almost no effect by day 15, when compared to placebo. ... 

A large scale placebo-controlled study in a total of 120 healthy young medical students used psychomotor tests to measure the effect of benzodiazepines with and without grapefiuit juice. Subjects were given midazolam 10 mg or triazolam 250 micrograms with 300 mL of grapefruit juice. Only a minor increase in the benzodiazepine effects occurred with grapefruit juice, and these effects were of little or no practical importance. ... 

In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of intravenous flumazenil 0.7 mg in reversing the effects of midazolam, 82% of 131 flumazenil-treated patients had complete reversal of sedation, compared with 15% of 65 placebo-treated patients. However, flumazenil reversed midazolam-induced amnesia in only 60% of patients. Dizziness (10%) and nausea (9%) were the most common adverse effects [96 ]. Similar results were obtained in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients who had been given midazolam plus an opioid (fentanyl, pethidine, or morphine) [97 ], intravenous diazepam [98 "], or diazepam plus an opioid [99 ]. 

Placebo-controHed studies In a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of N2O -I- enteral midazolam for botulinum toxin injections, children with cerebral palsy received midazolam 0.35-0.5... 

Sedation, cognition, and mood during midazolam infusion in 20 volunteers with red hair and 19 with non-red (blond or brown) hair were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, to test the... 

In 17 patients who were given flumazenil to reverse the effect of midazolam after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, it reversed the sedative effects in under 2 minutes but did not affect the ventilatory effects P3l ]. However, in a randomized, double-bluid, placebo-controlled crossover study in 12 heathy volunteers intravenous flumazenil 1.0 mg restored respiratory function wUhin 3 minutes [74 ]. 

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