Micromonospora. aminoglycosides from

Other medicinally useful aminoglycoside antibiotics are based on the aminocyclitol 2-deoxystrepta-mine, e.g. gentamicin Ci from Micromonospora purpurea. Although streptamine and 2-deoxystrepta-mine are actually cyclohexane derivatives, they are both of carbohydrate origin and derived naturally from glucose. 

These individual steps are susceptible to inhibition by antibiotics of different groups. The examples shown originate primarily from Streptomyces bacteria, some of the aminoglycosides also being derived from Micromonospora bacteria. 

A variety of bacterial genera have been shown to produce aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics. These include Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Bacillus, and so on. Only those compounds emanating from Streptomyces are named -mycins (e.g., tobramycin) while others are -micins (gentamicin), -osins, -asins, or -acins. The biosynthetic pathways for the aminoglycosides and the control of their expression are not well-studied. Streptomycin is the exception. 

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are produced in culture by strains of Streptomyces and Micromonsopora. Compounds obtained from Streptomyces have been given names ending in -mycin, whilst those from Micromonospora have names ending in -micin. 

Among the aminoglycosides, the gentamicin C family has thus far only been obtained from Micromonospora while the kanamycins are elaborated only by Streptomyces species. Megalomicin A (34) produced by a Micromonospora species represents a novel analog of erythromycin C, a product of Streptomyces species (Figure 6). 

C19H37N5O7 447.531 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Micromonospora sagamiensis NRRL11290. Active against grampositive and -negative bacteria. Basic powder. Sol. H2O. 

C38H64NgOi4 856.969 Dimeric aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Micromonospora inyoensis. Lacks potent antibacterial activity. Amorph. sohd. Sol. H2O fairly sol. MeOH poorly sol. butanol, hexane. 

C19H39N5O9 481.545 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Isol. from Micromonospora purpurea. Active against gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. Sol. H2O poorly sol. EtOH, hexane. [a]o +149.8 (H2O). Related to the Gentamicins. 

As Gentamicin B, G-226 with R = NH2, R = CH3, R = OH C2oH4oN40,o 496.557 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Minor metab. from Micromorwspora purpurea and Micromonospora echinospora. Shows antibacterial activity similar to other Gentamicina Sol. H2O, MeOH fairly sol. EtOH poorly sol. butanol, hexane. 

Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex. Consists of a mixt. of closely related and structurally similar components of which the most important are Genta-micins Ci, Cia, C2 and C2b- Isol. from Micromonospora spp. Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Most extensively clinically used aminoglycoside antibiotic. Gentamicin, BAN, INN is a mixt. of components... 

C18H36N4O9 452.504 Isol. from Micromonospora inyoensis. Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. Sol. H2O poorly sol. Mc2CO, hexane. 

As Sisomicin, S-45 with R = H,R = OH C18H35N5O7 433.504 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Minor prod, from Micromonospora inyoensis. Shows... 

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