Microglial cells astrocytes

Besides the well-established role of cytokines in the immune system, several recent reports demonstrated that chemokines also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS) (B2, Ml3). In the CNS, chemokines are constitutively expressed by microglial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, and their expression can be increased after induction with inflammatory mediators (M13). Chemokines are involved in brain development and in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis, and play a role in the migration, differentiation, and proliferation of glial and neuronal... 

B- and T-lymphocytes Polymorphonuclear leukocytes Astrocytes Langerhan s cells Brain microglial cells Various transformed cell lines... 

Ependymal cells abut layers of astrocytes, which in turn envelop neurons, neurites and vascular components. In addition to neurons and glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, the normal CNS parenchyma contains blood vessels and microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the CNS. 

Representative photomicrographs of neuronal immunostaining with antibodies recognizing neuron specific enolase (a) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (b) in vitro (c) and ex vivo (d) immunostaining of astrocytes with antibodies recognizing glial fibrillary acidic protein microglial cells with ED-1 (e) and OX-42 (f) antibodies... 

Table 11 Approximate proportions of various de novo-generated cell phenotypes in several regions of adult monkey forebrain after ischemia (long-term survival animals). Note that outside the germinative centers DG and SVZa, the most common proliferating cells were microglial cells followedby astrocytes. BrdU+/Musashil+/GFAP cells in parenchyma were considered putative local progenitors (see text for details). Note that such cells were absent in cornu Ammonis...

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