Micro-Bunsen burner

A skilled worker can use a micro-Bunsen burner for most types of heating. Nevertheless, as there is a tendency for a liquid to shoot out of a small test tube when heated, it is preferable to place the tube in a hot water-bath or in a metal heating block. A small glycerol bath is suitable for distillations and heating under reflux, the glycerol being subsequently easily removed from flasks, etc., by washing with water. 

The heating of the vessels is accomplished by means of a small bath or a micro-Bunsen burner. The vessel can be clamped at such a distance from the burner that the contained liquid boils gently under reflux. Smooth boiling is ensured by the addition of 1-2 minute pieces of unglazed porcelain, or of a short piece of melting-point tubing open at both ends. 

If the solid does not dissolve in the cold solvent gently heat the mixture over a micro-Bunsen burner or in a small water-ba until the liquid boils. Continue to add o-i ml. portions of solvent until the solid dissolves. [If more than about i ml. of solvent is required, the solvent is considered unsatisfactory.] If a clear solution is obtained, cool the tube and scratch it below the surface of the solution with a very fine glass rod and proceed as suggested on p. 16. In general, the products from the choice of solvent investigation are not discarded but added to the main bulk of the crude product for recrystallisation. 

An air bath is a very cheap and convenient method of effecting even heating of small distillation flasks (say, 25 ml or 50 ml), where the use of a micro Bunsen burner, results in fluctuations in the level of heating due to air draughts. It may be readily constructed from two commercial tin cans (not aluminium) (those from tinned fruit or food are quite suitable), of such sizes that one fits into the other to provide a small concentric gap as an air insulator. The cleaned large can is cut to the same height as the small can, and the base is then removed. The... 

Micro-Bunsen burner - for heating solutions to boiling and for evaporating solutions. 

Micro spirit-lamp or micro Bunsen-burner... 

ASTM Smoke particulates from burning of plastics ASTM D-4100 lyxy 6 Horizontal Micro-Bunsen burner Percent smoke... 

The pointing of the carbon fibers was done by flame either in a Bunsen burner or in hydrogen flame of a micro-burner. The diameter of the flame was comparable with the diameter of the carbon fiber. 

Fig.l. The SEM photograph of pointed oriented carbon fiber in the flame, a) from Bunsen burner, b) hydrogen micro-burner. 

Apparatus Thiele melting-point apparatus, micro boiling-point apparatus, and a Bunsen burner or microburner. 

Melting the end of the fibre shapes the exit surface of optical fibres. An almost spherical surface will be created by the surface tension of liquid quartz. Its form is determined by the volume of melted quartz, which is equivalent to the amount of absorbed energy. Several techniques have been used to achieve this deformation micro furnace, Bunsen micro-burner, electrical arc and a CO2 laser beam. 

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