Methylols reduction

Zavitsas et al. account for the effects of water in their calculations. Water promotes depolymerization of the paraformaldehyde as well as the hemiformals. Their modifications correct for the apparent reduction in methylolation rate as the extent of reaction proceeds, in that the hemiformals remove formaldehyde reactivity from the reaction mixture. Their rate constants look large because they are written for phenate concentrations rather than phenol and because of the formaldehyde equilibrium adjustments. They note that unsalted phenol is a by-... 

Methylol-2-Butanol (2-Methyl-l, 3-butanediol or 0 7-Dioxy- 3-methylbutane). CH3.CH(0H).CH(CH20H).CH3, mw 104.15, viscous oil, bp 200° 98-99° at 9mm. Sol in w, V sol in ale and eth. Can be prepd either by reduction of the corresponding aldehyde, 2-methylbutanol(3)-al-(l) with A1 amalgam (Ref 1), or by electrolytic reduction in 10% sulfuric acid of the corresponding ketone ale. In the latter case, methyl-2-butanone-3-ol-(l), obtained by the condensation of methylethylketone with formaldehyde, can be used. On nitration, it yields an expl dinitrate Refs 1) Beil 1,482,(250) 2)L.P.Kyria-kides,JACS 36, 535(1914)... 

An efficient two-step procedure for the A -methylation of amides (equation 19) involves the preparation of intermediate methylols with subsequent reduction using triethylsilane, hydrogen/Pd-C or cyanoborohydride. ... 

MMT due to reduction of the methylol groups that are consumed during curing. 

Reduction of isoanacardic aldehyde gave a methylol which could also be synthesised directly from cardanol together with formation of some of the 4,6-bis-methylol. The monomethylol compound isoanacardic alcohol was an effective solvent extractant for the borate anion (ref. 279, 293). The isomeric compound, anacardic alcohol (ref. 88) was similarly obtained from anacardic acid (ref. 180). This In conjunction with the teriary amine Aliquat 336 was highly effective for the solvent extraction of the borate anion (ref. 293). Both these substances were comparable in properties to the 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl) derivatives of 4-t nonylphenol and to 4-t octyl-2-chloro-6-hydroxymethylphenol (ref. 294). 

Reduction of the necessary resorcinol 302-304 addition by modification with sulfite (forming of resorcinol end groups from the tannin molecule by sulfite-induced cleavage of the heterocyclic ring). No free methylol groups present, addition of formaldehyde as crosslinker is necessary... 

The nature of the stabilizing layer around the platinum catsdyst particles has a significant effect on the efficiency of the catalyst. A comparison of radiolytically produced platinum/poly-iV-methylol acrylamide sols with platinum sol (from HjPtClg chemical reduction) stabilized by a range of other polymers showed that... 

The already discussed O-methylol and N-methylol compounds demonstrate an important potential for the reduction of absolute CIT/MIT-concentrations. Their limits are the liberation of formaldehyde in water based matrices (Bagda, 1998). 

Reactions.—A-Alkylation of acetanilides has been achieved using a two-phase system of water and benzene with sodium hydroxide as base and triethylbenzylam-monium chloride yields are better than 80%. An efficient two-step process for the A-methylation of unsubstituted amides, lactams, and ureas has been described which involves initial formation of the corresponding methylol, by treatment with formaldehyde, followed by reduction with either triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid or with hydrogen over palladium in TFA. A method for the methylthiomethy-lation of both amides and lactanes has appeared. ... 

Reduction to Methyl Derivatives. Type reaction R-CHaOH + Ho —R-CHj + HoO. A number of methylol derivatives may be reduced to the coTresponding method derivatives by the action of hydrogen in the presence of an acth e nickel catalyst. Compounds which may be reduced in this wa5 include dimeth dolethanolamine b... 

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