4- -2-methylbutan

Figure 8-2. Edge graph of the carbon skeleton of 2-methylbutane (1).

Difunctional products often come from aldol type reactions. The following example, 2- hydroxymethyl)-2-methylbutanal, needs no further comment (F. Nerdel, 1968). [Pg.203]

FIGURE 2 13 Tube (top) and space filling bottom) models of (a) pentane (b) 2 methylbutane and (c) 2 2 dimethylpropane The most branched isomer 2 2 dimethylpropane has the most compact most spherical three dimensional shape... [Pg.83]

One of the staggered conformations of 2 methylbutane in Problem 3 17b is more stable than the other Which one is more stable" Why" ... [Pg.137]

FIGURE 5 12 The El mechanism for the dehydrohalogenation of 2 bromo 2 methylbutane in ethanol... [Pg.218]

The alkyl halide m this case 2 bromo 2 methylbutane ionizes to a carbocation and a halide anion by a heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond Like the dissoci ation of an aUcyloxonmm ion to a carbocation this step is rate determining Because the rate determining step is ummolecular—it involves only the alkyl halide and not the base—It is a type of El mechanism... [Pg.218]

There is a strong similarity between the mechanism shown m Eigure 5 12 and the one shown for alcohol dehydration m Eigure 5 6 The mam difference between the dehy dration of 2 methyl 2 butanol and the dehydrohalogenation of 2 bromo 2 methylbutane IS the source of the carbocation When the alcohol is the substrate it is the correspond mg alkyloxonmm ion that dissociates to form the carbocation The alkyl halide ionizes directly to the carbocation... [Pg.219]

What three alkenes yield 2 methylbutane on catalytic hydro... [Pg.231]

Our belief that carbocations are intermediates m the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes is strengthened by the fact that rearrangements sometimes occur For example the reaction of hydrogen chloride with 3 methyl 1 butene is expected to produce 2 chloro 3 methylbutane Instead a mixture of 2 chloro 3 methylbutane and 2 chloro 2 methylbutane results... [Pg.241]

Addition begins m the usual way by protonation of the double bond to give m this case a secondary carbocation This carbocation can be captured by chloride to give 2 chloro 3 methylbutane (40%) or it can rearrange by way of a hydride shift to give a tertiary carbocation The tertiary carbocation reacts with chloride ion to give 2 chloro 2 methylbutane (60%)... [Pg.241]

Methyl 1 butanol Hydrogen 1 Bromo 2 methylbutane Water... [Pg.289]

Make a molecular ) model of one of the enantiomers of 2 methyl 1 butanol and the 1 bromo 2 methylbutane formed from it... [Pg.289]

Tertiary alkyl halides are so sterically hindered to nucleophilic attack that the pres ence of any anionic Lewis base favors elimination Usually substitution predominates over elimination m tertiary alkyl halides only when anionic Lewis bases are absent In the solvolysis of the tertiary bromide 2 bromo 2 methylbutane for example the ratio of substitution to elimination is 64 36 m pure ethanol but falls to 1 99 m the presence of 2 M sodium ethoxide... [Pg.349]

Ethoxy 2 methylbutane (Major product in absence of sodium ethoxide)... [Pg.350]

Wnte an equation clearly showing the stereochemistry of the starting material and the prod uct for the reaction of (S) 1 bromo 2 methylbutane with sodium iodide in acetone What is the configuration R or S) of the product" ... [Pg.359]

The ratio of elimination to substitution is exactly the same (26% elimination) for 2 bromo 2 methylbutane and 2 lodo 2 methylbutane in 80% ethanol/20% water at 25°C... [Pg.361]

Solvolysis of 2 bromo 2 methylbutane in acetic acid containing potassium acetate gave three products Identify them... [Pg.362]

Hydroxy 2 methylbutanal (from addition of enolate of propanal to acetaldehyde)... [Pg.774]

Absence of peroxides (b) 2 bromo 2 methylbutane (c) 2 bromobutane (d) 1 bromo 1 ethylcyclohexane Presence of peroxides (b) 1 bromo 2 methylbutane (c) 2 bromobutane (d) (1 bromoethyl)cyclohexane... [Pg.1210]

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