Methods of nucleic acids

Nucleic acids may also be removed by treatment with nucleases, which catalyse the enzymatic degradation of these biomolecules. Indeed, nuclease treatment is quickly becoming the most popular method of nucleic acid removal during protein purification. This treatment is efficient, inexpensive and, unlike many of the chemical precipitants used, nuclease preparations themselves are innocuous and do not compromise the final protein product. 

The obvious similarity between the purine bases of DNA and pteridines, especially between guanosine and pterins, has encouraged extensive studies of the synthesis and properties of pteridine-containing nucleoside and nucleotides. Synthetic methods have naturally built upon established methods of nucleic acid synthesis. The primary property of use in applications of these compounds to DNA chemistry is fluorescence, which is very much greater for pteridines than for purines. 

The methods of nucleic acid sequencing have now advanced to such an extent that the United States and other national governments are funding a 10-20 year project to sequence the entire human genome [10,11] at an estimated cost of 3 billion. The genome is the complete genetic blueprint of a human being. It consists of twenty four distinct chromosomes (twenty two pairs of autosomes... 

Chemisorption and subsequent bond formation between oligonucleotides with alkanethiol modifications and surfaces such as gold have been widely examined, with improved gold surface production [55], monolayer packing and chemisorption chemistries [56] all receiving due attention. The ease, high functionality and relative low cost of chemisorption has made this the most popular method of nucleic acid monolayer formation for electrochemical methods. 

Nucleic acid probe methods which rely on the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization reaction, combined with the powerful methods of nucleic acid amplification, are expected to spawn many new diagnostic tests which may be useful in the detection and treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and inherited disorders. The impact of development and applications of diagnostic tests based on nucleic acid probes and on Mab technology wiU be felt increasingly as deeper understanding of diseases at a molecular level is gained. 

Hahn, J. H. Park, N. Electrochemical device and methods for detection method of nucleic acid hybridization. PCX Int. Appl. WO 2003010338, 2003 Chem. Abstr. 2003, 138, 149875. 

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