Metered-dose inhalant formulations

Hardy, J.G., Everard, M L., Coffiner, M., and Fossion, J., Lung deposition of a Nacystelyn metered dose inhaler formulation, J. Aerosol Med., 6 37-44 (1993). 

Johnson KA. Interfacial phenomena and phase behavior in metered-dose inhaler formulations. In Hickey AJ, ed. Inhalation Aerosols. New York Marcel Dekker, 1996 385-415. 

Williams RO III, Brown J, Liu J. Influence of micronization method on the performance of a suspension triamcinolone acetonide pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 1999 4(2) 167-179. 

Fewer than 12 different excipients in MDI products have been formulated into metered aerosols. The availability of established FDA-approved excipients limits the formulator to a select few such ingredients. Table 1 lists excipients and the approximate amounts of some of these excipients that are currently used in MDIs. Metered-dose inhalers formulated with CFCs contain propellant 12, propellant 12/11, propellant 12/114, or propellant 12/114/11. These propellant... 

Schultz, R. K., Miller, N. K., Christensen, J. D. Method for evaluation of suspension characteristics relevant to metered dose inhaler formulations. Pharm Res 7(9, suppl.) 5 - S (1990). 

Clarke, J.G. Wicks, S.R. Earr, S.J. Surfactant mediated 42. effects in pressurized metered dose inhalers formulated as suspensions. I. Drug/surfactant interactions in a model propellant systems. Int. J. Pharm. 1993, 93, 221-231. 

Tzou T, Pachuta RR, Coy RB, Schultz RK. Drug form selection in albuterol-containing metered-dose inhaler formulations and its impact on chemical and physical stability. ] Pharm Sci 1997 86 1352-1357. 

The adsorption or incorporation of molecules, such as surfactants and polymers, can create a steric repulsion that prevents aggregation [288-290]. This can also increase suspension stability, important for metered-dose inhaler formulations [291]. Lung surfactant coating on the surface of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles has been shown to dramatically improve dry powder aerosol performance by reducing particle-particle interactions [134,292],... 

H. Leon-Molina, F. Flores-Murrieta, and R. Chapela, Assessment of comparative bioequivalence of two metered-dose inhaler formulations of salbutamol— measuring bron-chodilatory effect in patients with asthma. Clin Drug Invest 22(7) 435-441 (2002). 

Steckel H, Muller BW. Metered-dose inhaler formulations of fluticasone-17-propionate micronized with supercritical carbon dioxide using the alternative propellant HFA-227. Int J Pharm 1998 46(l) 77-83. 

Steckel, H., and B. W. Muller. 1998. Metered-dose inhaler formulations with beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate using the ozone friendly propellant 134a. Eur.. Pharmaceut. Biopharmaceut. 46 77-83. 

Lipworth BJ, Jackson CM. Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999 48 866-868. 

Lofdahl CG, Andersson L, Bondesson E, Carlsson LG, Friberg K, Hedner J. Differences in bronchodUating potency of salbutamol in Turbuhaler as compared with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulation in patients with reversible airway obstruction. EurRespir J 1997 10 2474—2478. 

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