Metals general periodic trends

Does the information on alkali metals in Table 12.9 of the text confirm the general periodic trends in ionization energy and atomic radius Explain. 

Periodic trends in ionization energy are linked to trends involving the reactivity of metals. In general, the chemical reactivity of metals increases down a group and decreases across a period. These trends, as well as a further trend from metallic to non-metallic properties across a period, and increasing metallic properties down a group, are shown in Table 3.1. 

As expected, the elements of a given column in the periodic table all behave in the same way because they all have the same number of valence electrons. There are a few exceptions to this rule, as you can tell if you look at the stairstep line passing through the periodic table. The elements to the right of the stairstep behave as nonmetals, whereas the elements to the left of this line behave as metals. But overall, the generalizations and trends apparent from the periodic table make it invaluable as a predictive tool. 

N-donor induced disproportionation of [Fe(CO)3(PR3)2]+ (R = Me, Bu, Cy, Ph) as well as halide induced disproportionation of [M(CO)3(PCy3)2]+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os) has been interpreted in terms of nucleophilic attack being rate determining.103 104 The rate data led to the conclusion that the reactivity of these 17-electron complexes is only weakly dependent on the metal, and the suggestion was made that periodic trends in 17-electron systems are generally attenuated in comparison to those for 18-electron analogues. However, it was noted previously that W > Cr by ca. 106 1 for substitution in [CpM(CO)3]. A direct comparison of the rate of associative ligand substitution at a 17-electron center as a function of the metal for a complete triad (Cr, Mo, W) was reported for the reaction in Eq. (20).14... 

As Table 20.3 shows, the reducing abilities of the first-row transition metals generally decrease going from left to right across the period. Only chromium and zinc do not follow this trend. 

There are general reactivity trends on the periodic table that are useful to know. Metals and nonmetals usually combine to form ionic compounds with the metal giving up an electron to become positively charged and the nonmetal element gaining an electron to become... 

In this work, we discuss the results of DFT calculations for some all-metal clusters with the general formula MAI/ at a validated level of theory and numerical precision and compute a number of accepted properties to describe aromaticity, such as 17, geometrical parameters, the DI, and the NICS indexes. Hereby, we pursue the evaluation of DFT calculations and reactivity descriptors to explain and assess aromaticity in the anionic all-metal clusters derived from the Al/- unit. We determine the effect of different charges and multiplicities on the geometry of Al/(n = —2, —1,0,1) and calculate the structures of new complexes MA14" where M = (Li+, Na+, K+), (Be+2, Mg+2, Ca+2), (Sc+3, Ti+4), and (B+3, Al+3, Ga+3). In order to compare the DFT reactivity descriptors, we compute other parameters (NICS and DIs) and study periodic trends. 

Understanding the wealth of information found in the organization of the periodic table is a central skill for general chemistry. You will always have a periodic table available for ACS exams, and likely for most classroom tests as well. Therefore, knowing the trends within the periodic table will allow prediction of properties, even for unfamiliar elements. Relative sizes of atoms and ions, trends in ionization energy, and trends in electronegativity are all important to understanding the behavior of elements. The differences between metals and nonmetals and their reactions are also based on periodic trends. Trends within families and trends within periods can both reveal much about the physical properties and chemical reactions expected for the elements. 

In Chapter 3, we extend the general concepts developed in Chapter 2 on chemisorption and surface reactivity to establish a fundamental set of theoretical descriptions that describe bonding and reactivity on idealized metal substrates in Chapter 3. There is an extensive treatment of the adsorbate transition-metal surface bond, its electronic strnc-ture, bond strength and its influence on its chemical activity. Attention is given to periodic trends in the interaction energy as a function of transition metal and also on the dependence in transition-metal structure. 

Reactions ofthe Group 2A Metals 27-6 Uses ofGroup2A Metals and Their Compounds The Post-Transition Metals 27-7 Group 3A Periodic Trends The d-Transition Metals 27-8 General Properties 27-9 Oxidation States 27-10 Chromium Oxides, Oxyanions, and Hydroxides... 

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