Metals descriptive chemistry

There are several exceUent sources of information about the platinum-group metals. The exceUent reference work G. Wilkinson, R. D. GiUard, and J. A. McCleverty, eds.. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1987, contains iadividual chapters devoted to descriptive chemistry of each element. 

Eadier descriptive chemistry is contaiaed ia E. R. Hardey, The Chemistry of Platinum and Palladium,]ohxs Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1973, and W. P. Griffith, The Chemistry of the RarerPlatinum Metals (Os, Ru, Irand R / John Wiley Sons, Ltd., Chichester, U.K., 1967. 

As you can see from the periodic table on the inside cover of this book, the overwhelming majority of elements, about 88%, are metals (shown in blue). In discussing the descriptive chemistry of the metals, we concentrate on—... 

Some 20 years ago, I was privileged to share in writing a book on the descriptive chemistry of the 4d, 5d, 4f and 5f metals that included these eight elements within its compass (S.A. Cotton and F.A. Hart, The Heavy Transition Elements, Macmillan, 1975). This volume shares the same aim of covering the descriptive chemistry of silver, gold and the six platinum metals in some detail at a level suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate study. 

The subjects of structure and bonding in metal isocyanide complexes have been discussed before 90, 156) and will not be treated extensively here. A brief discussion of this subject is presented in Section II of course, special emphasis is given to the more recent information which has appeared. Several areas of current study in the field of transition metal-isocyanide complexes have become particularly important and are discussed in this review in Section III. These include the additions of protonic compounds to coordinated isocyanides, probably the subject most actively being studied at this time insertion reactions into metal-carbon bonded species nucleophilic reactions with metal isocyanide complexes and the metal-catalyzed a-addition reactions. Concurrent with these new developments, there has been a general expansion of descriptive chemistry of isocyanide-metal complexes, and further study of the physical properties of selected species. These developments are summarized in Section IV. 

Greenwood, N. N., and Eamshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry ofthe Elements. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Chapters 20-29. This book may well contain more descriptive chemistry than any other single volume, and it contains extensive coverage of transition metal chemistry. 

King, R. B. (1995). Inorganic Chemistry of the Main Group Elements. VCH Publishers, New York. An excellent introduction to the descriptive chemistry of many elements. Chapter 10 deals with the alkali and alkaline earth metals. 

Just as it is effective in the other fields of inorganic descriptive chemistry, the Periodic Table is an essential reference point in intermetallic chemistry too. The general alloying characteristics of the different metals, their reactivity towards the other metals, the variety of their intermetallic derivatives usually are very complex and cannot be easily explained and rationalized on the basis of a few concepts and data. Nevertheless a sound first criterion for a description and classification of the intermetallic behaviour of the various metals lies in their position in the Periodic Table. 

Considerable advances in the field of transition metal cluster chemistry have been made during the last five years. They have confirmed that in many respects a cluster complex is comparable to a metallic surface. They have also shown that clusters allow reactions which are not observed with simple metal complexes. And they have finally demonstrated that structural and bonding properties of clusters require new concepts for their description. 

H It is often helpful to view the descriptive chemistry of the transition metals from different perspectives in a comparative Study. For a thorough review of transition metal chemistry in an clomcnl-by-clcment approach, sec Cotton. F. A. Wilkinson. C. Advanced Inorgomt Chemistry.5 h cd. Wiley New York. I9H8, or Grecnwnud. N. N. Eamshaw. A. Chemistry of the Elements. Pcrgamon Oxford. 1984. 

Metallacarboranes, 801-802 Metallocenes, 669-686 Metalloporphyrins, and respiration, 891-895 MetaJJoihioreins, 932 Metals, 27-28 descriptive chemistry of,... 

One generalization of the descriptive chemistry of the transition metals is that the heavier congeners (eg. Mo, W) more readily show the highest oxidation state than does the lightest congener (e, Cr). Discuss this in terms of ionization energies. 

A detailed account of the descriptive chemistry of the heavier transition metals is beyond the scope of this book. Many aspects of the chemistry of these elements such as metal-metal multiple bonds, metal clusters, organometallic chemistry, and coordination chemistry are discussed in other chapters. The present discussion will be limited to a comparison of the similarities and differences of the heavier metals and their lighter congeners. 

It was noted above that discussion of astatine together with the other halogens is inconvenient. Although it is, as expected, the most metallic of the halogens, there arc few values or experimental data to cite in support of this. (Note for example that such fundamental quantities as experimental ionization energies are unavailable.) Various isotopes ok astatine arc produced only in trace amounts, with half-lives of a few hours or less, and therefore the chemistry of astatine is essentially the descriptive chemistry obtained by tracer methods macroscopic amounts arc not available. The best known oxidation state of astatine is — I. Astatine may be readily reduced to as ta tide ... 

C. E. Ophardt, "Redox Demonstrations and Descriptive Chemistry Part I. Metals/ ]. Chem. Educ., Vol. 64,1987, 716. Redox reactions of iron(III) with thiosulfate, iron(II) with permanganate, and tin(II) with mercury(I) are used to show how an abbreviated table of standard reduction potentials is used to predict the products of these reactions from the relative positions of the oxidizing agents and reducing agents in the table. 

Much of descriptive inorganic chemistry deals with reactions, so Chapter 4 presents a survey of the most important reaction types and the predictive power of thermodynamics. The utility of acid-base chemistry in classifying chemical behavior is described in Chapter 5. The chemistry of the elements follows in Chapters 6-17 based on the periodic table. The remaining chapters are devoted to the transition metals, coordination chemistry, and organometallic compounds. 

In this review we focus both on major developments in new mass spectrometric techniques and on novel chemical applications of existing mass spectrometric techniques that have been reported since 1990. Emphasis is given to the application of these techniques to the study of bimolecular ion/molecule reactions, radiative association, and dissociative recombination of positive ions. Particular attention is given to the emerging field of interstellar metal-ion chemistry and recent studies of fullerene-ion chemistry and the influence of charge state on this, and related, chemistry. Mass spectrometric studies of the photochemistry of interstellar ions are briefly considered as is interstellar negative-ion chemistry. We conclude with a brief description of the use of mass spectrometry to examine interstellar material that has made the long journey to our solar system. 

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