Metallurgy of Iron and Steel

Kapoor, M. L. and Frohberg, G. M. (1973) in Chemical Metallurgy of Iron and Steel (Iron and Steel Institute, London), p. 17. 

Silicon carbide is comparatively stable. The only violent reaction occurs when SiC is heated with a mixture of potassium dichromate and lead chromate. Chemical reactions do, however, take place between silicon carbide and a variety of compounds at relatively high temperatures. Sodium silicate attacks SiC above 1300°C, and SiC reacts with calcium and magnesium oxides above 1000°C and with copper oxide at 800°C to form the metal silicide. Silicon carbide decomposes in fused alkalies such as potassium chromate or sodium chromate and in fused borax or cryolite, and reacts with carbon dioxide, hydrogen, air, and steam. Silicon carbide, resistant to chlorine below 700°C, reacts to form carbon and silicon tetrachloride at high temperature. SiC dissociates in molten iron and the silicon reacts with oxides present in the melt, a reaction of use in the metallurgy of iron and steel (qv). The dense, self-bonded type of SiC has good resistance to aluminum up to about 800°C, to bismuth and zinc at 600°C, and to tin up to 400°C a new silicon nitride-bonded type exhibits improved resistance to cryolite. 

German, R.M. Powder Metallurgy) of Iron and Steel, John Wiley Sons, Inc.. New York, NY, 1998,... 

For a more detailed discussion of this subject and its bearing upon the metallurgy of iron and steel, see this volume, Part III. 

Le Chatelier, H. L. (1850-1936). Fundamental research on equilibrium reactions (Le Chatelier s Law), combustion of gases, and metallurgy of iron and steel. 

X L Wang, Metallurgy of Iron and Steel (The Iron Part), (Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008X 31-40. 

General Properties 23-2 Principles of Extractive Metallurgy 23-3 Metallurgy of Iron and Steel 23-4 First-Row Transition Elements Scandium to Manganese 23-5 The Iron Triad Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel... 

Metallurgy of Iron and Steel—The conversion of iron(III) oxide into iron by reduction with carbon monoxide in a blast furnace (Fig. 23-9) leads to the formation of pig iron. Pig iron is converted to steel through the basic oxygen process (Fig. 23-10). 

We then smdy the sequence of steps from the preparation of the ores to the production of metals. We focus mainly on the metallurgy of iron and the making of steel. We also examine several methods of metal purification. (20.2)... 

Several Mexican industries use this metal in their processes. Besides those already mentioned, they include the sectors of iron and steel, oil, petrochemistry, textiles, cellulose and paper, and metallurgy. 

X.H. Huang, Principles of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (Beijing, Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007), 284-290. 

The development of thermocouple, as an accurate temperature measuring device, was rapidly followed by Osmond (1886) who investigated the heating and cooling behavior of iron and steel with a view to elucidating the effects of carbon so that he introduced thermal analysis to then most important field of metallurgy. Roberts-Austen (1891), however, is known to construct a device to give a continuous record of the output from thermocouple ands he termed it as Thermoelectric Pyrometer , see Fig. 77. 

Uses. The major uses of metallic zinc are in the manufacture of alloys and in the use of zinc as a protective coating on other metallic products, notably iron and steel. Lesser quantities are employed in the manufacture of dry-cell batteries, sinks, gutters, cornices, weather strips, and so forth. The use of zinc in connection with the metallurgy of lead has already been described. In chemical laboratory work, zinc is one of the most widely used reducing agents. 

Space will not be devoted here to emphasis of the vast technological importance of iron and the steels nor to the discussion of ferrous metallurgy. However, typical processes for obtaining cobalt and nickel from natural sources are outlined in Table 24-1. The process for cobalt is somewhat oversimplified, for cobalt ores often contain, in addition to iron and arsenic, nickel, silver, or copper, which must also be removed. Note that nickel is conveniently purified by conversion to its volatile carbonyl, Ni(CO)4, unstable at high temperatures Mond process). 

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