Metallic interlayer chemical-physical structure

Metallic interlayer (MIL) influences the chemical processes of FR. The role of metal ions in the degradation process has been summarized by Lewin and Endo [30], The advantageous effect of a MIL around metal hydroxide flame retardants was utilized at first by Hornsby et al. [31]. They proposed a zinc-hydroxy-stannate (ZnHSt) layer, the detailed chemical-physical structure and 4.7 nm thickness... 

Many of the chemical and physical properties of these materials derive from this anistropic layered structure. Intercalation chemistry, the insertion of ions and/or molecules between individual LMC layCTS, is possible due to these weak interlayer bonding interactions. Intercalation can be accomplished by electrochemical or chemical methods, as will be discussed further on in this chapter. The highly anisotropic nature of the layered structure also leads to characteristic and often technologically usefiil mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. On the otha- hand, since a broad range of metals and oxidation states is included in this stractural class, a broad range of propaties is also observed. 

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