Metallic elements common monatomic ions

The nonmetals of Group 4A (14) do not typically form ions. However, ihe metals Sn and Pb in Group 4A (14) lose electrons to form positive ions. Table 6.2 lists the ionic charges for some common monatomic ions of representative elements. 

The charge of a monatomic ion is its oxidation number. Most transition metals and group 3 A and 4A metals have more than one oxidation number, as shown in Table 8-5. The oxidation numbers given in the table are the most common ones for many of the elements listed but might not be the only ones possible. 

A binary Ionic compound is one composed of ions from only two elements, one a metal, the other a nonmetal. NaCl, CaF2, and FeCl3 are all binary ionic compounds. Before starting to develop formulas for ionic compounds, it is necessary to know the monatomic ions (ions formed from a single atom) of the common metals and nonmetals. 

Like the Group 7A(17) elements, hydrogen occurs as diatomic molecules and fills its outer (valence) level either by electron sharing or by gaining one electron from a metal to form an anion (hydride, H ) with a 1- charge. However, while the monatomic halide ions (X ) are common and stable, the H ion is rare and reactive. 

---