Metal-solution interphase water structure

Water Structure at the Interphase, The presence of excess charge on a metal produces at least two effects ion redistribution and reorientation of water dipoles in the solution. Thus, in the vicinity of the charged metal the structure of water is changed because of the presence of the electric field in the interphase (Fig. 4.3). 

In Chapters 2 and 3 we have described basic structural properties of the components of an interphase. In Chapter 2 we have shown that water molecules form clusters and that ions in a water solution are hydrated. Each ion in an ionic solution is surrounded predominantly by ions of opposite charge. In Chapter 3 we have shown that a metal is composed of positive ions distributed on crystal lattice points and surrounded by a free-electron gas which extends outside the ionic lattice to form a surface dipole layer. 

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