Metal Oxides Involved in Energy Storage System

2 Metal Oxides Involved in Energy Storage System 

Among them, cobalt oxides provide a good number of examples, such as the co-assembly fabrication of graphene-encapsulated oxide nanoparticles previously discussed [96]. This process yields a G/C03O4 composite electrode with unusually high initial reversible capacity of about 1100 mA hg and retaining around 1000 mA h g after 130 cycles. Other examples of the 

The oxides of heavier, second-row transition metal elements are commonly discarded for their use in high gravimetric capacity applications. Nevertheless, an enhanced nanoscale conduction capability of a Mo02/Graphene composite for high performance anodes in lithium-ion batteries should be highlighted. The composite electrode showed a reversible capacity of 605 mA h g in the initial cycle at current density of 540 mA g and upon increasing the current density to 2045 mA g the electrode shows a reversible capacity of 300 mA h g [135]. 

Even more, for layered second-row transition metal oxides it was possible to obtain binder-free, nanobelt-Mo03/G film electrodes by using microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods. Irrespective of the large molecular weight of the oxide, the gravimetric capacity could reach 291 mA h at 100 mA g with retention of ca. 60% after 100 cycles [142]. An exciting achievement was also the flexible properties of the electrode that could finally lead to new applications in bendable batteries or the origami concept [143]. 

6 Surface Modification of Nanostructrures for Improved Battery Performance 

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