Metal oxide additive-free media

The quest for extremely small metal oxide nanoparticles with enhanced crystallinity and good dispersibility, without the need of additional stabilizing agents, led to the discovery of lert-butanol as a novel reaction medium [65,66]. It typically offers metal oxide nanoparticles free of strongly chelating surface ligands [65]. 

State-of-the-art DMFCs have not been considered for use in vehicles, except small vehicles, because of the lower efficiency and power density. In addition, a carbon-free fuel would be preferable for use in FC-powered vehicles. Alternative fuels, oxidation catalysts, reaction medium, electrolyte membranes, and electrode preparation have been evaluated to obtain optimal DLFCs. L-Ascorbic acid (AA), widely known as vitamin C, has been proposed as a novel fuel that does not require the use of an anode catalyst metal. DLFCs that use ethanol and D-glucose as renewable biofuels have been studied and developed using an anion exchange membrane (AEM). Hydrazine fuel cells were reconsidered for use in transportation based on the application of recent PEMFC technology. A novel anode catalyst for NaBILj oxidation is also described. 

M. Campomanes Santana. Comparative assessment of degradation in aqueous medium of polypropylene films doped with metal free (experimental) and transition metal containing (commercial) pro-oxidant/pro-degradant additives after exposure to controlled UV radiation . Polym. Degrad. Stab., 120, 186-192 (2015)... 

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