Metal-halogen cells

Nishimura Y, Segawa T (2006) Separator for metal halogen cell. US Patent 7,081,321... 

Not mentioned in this classification is the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) working at 60-120 °C and using methanol as a fuel. There are also other types of fuel cells (e.g. air-depolarised cells, sodium amalgam cells, alkali metal-halogen cells, etc.) which are less employed, but that can possibly find a specific application in the future. 

In recent years, the scope of application of lanthanides and their compounds has significantly expanded. They are widely used in the production of optical elements (plasma display panels, optic fibers in telecommunications), metal-halogen lamps, superconductors, highly selective catalysts, hydrogen batteries, magnetic alloys, fuel cells, etc. Scientific investigations of their magnetic, nuclear, optical, thermal, and chemical properties are realized for successful achievements in these fields. 

Use of Light Metals. Tables of the open circuit voltage (OCV) and of theoretical EDs are presented in (68) for hypothetical cells formed by light metals with halogens, oxygen and sulfur at 500°C. We have condensed these into Table IV. 

A very diversified art has been developed utilizing certain metal fluorides, inorganic fluorides, halogen fluoride, or electrochemical cells as media for fluorination. The more important approaches which have been developed to produce fluorocarbons and yet avoid the great reactivity of elemental fluorine are ... 

Assume that 1.588 g of an alkali metal undergoes complete reaction with the amount of gaseous halogen contained in a 0.500 L flask at 298 K and 755 mm Hg pressure. In the reaction, 22.83 kj is released (AH = —22.83 kj). The product, a binary ionic compound, crystallizes in a unit cell with anions in a face-centered cubic arrangement and with cations centered along each edge between anions. In addition, there is a cation in the center of the cube. 

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