Metal-Graphite Laminates

Some highly selective metal-graphite reductions of deoxyhalosugars have been elucidated. For example, halides (23) (X = I, Br, Cl) (Scheme 1) with K-graphite laminate (CgK) afforded olefin (24), whereas with Zn/Ag-graphite the enal (25) was... 

Masters. J.E. (1987b). Characterisation of impact damage development in graphite/epoxy laminates. In Fractography of Modern Engineering Materials Composites and Metals, ASTM STP 948, ASTM. Philadelphia, PA, pp. 238-258. 

Figure 1. Specific ultimate tensile strength vs. specific stiffness of current and developmental aerospace structural materials. Data are displayed on a log-log plot in (a), where P signifies PAN-based reinforcements Gr represents graphite fibers 0 0 and 90 0 indicate data collected parallel to and transverse to the fiber direction in uniaxial composites, respectively and Q/I represents quasi-isotropic laminates. The (f represents fiber reinforcements in MMCs. The dashed line in (b) represents the combinations of specific strength and stiffness that are double those of conventional metal alloys.

Boron has been included as a neutron absorber in various materials in addition to concrete. For example, borated graphite, a mixture of elemental boron and graphite, has been used in fast-reactor shields. Boral, consisting of boron carbide (B4C) and aluminum, and epoxy resins and resin-impregnated wood laminates incorporating boron have been used for local shielding purposes. Boron has also been added to steel for shield structures to reduce secondary gamma-ray production. In special situations, where a shield has consisted of a heavy metal and water, it has been beneficial to add a soluble boron compound to the water. 

The corrosion of metals and semi-conductors involves the flow of an electric current within the material. Most of the constituent materials in fibrous laminates are insulators and in consequence, electrochemical corrosion is negligible. But graphite acts as a noble metal, lying between platinum and titanium in the galvanic series [104]. Carbon fibres have a structure which is essentially similar to graphite, being described as turbostratic (the... 

Voss, S., Fahmy, A., and West, H. (1993) Impact tolerance of laminated and 3-dimensionally reinforced graphite-epoxy panels, in Advanced Composites 93 International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials (eds T. Chandra and A.K. Dhingra), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, pp. 591-596. 

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