Metabolism energy production from

Metabolic rate, basal (BM) Metabolic energy transformation calculated from measurements of heat production or oxygen consumption in an organism in a rested, awake, fasting, and thermoneutral state, in W nr. ... 

The main product is independently elaborated by the organism and does not arise directly from energy metabolism (die product is a secondary metabolite). Example antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin. 

The energy provision by carbohydrate metabolism has been extensively studied Ihm the beginning of this century, chiefly in an attempt to understand the basic biochemistry of alcohol production from carbohydrafe. However, many laboratory culture media contain only nitrogenous compounds and their metabolism is of importance as it clearly provides energy for growth and maintenance. 

For many years, niclosamide (Niclocide) was widely used to treat infestations of cestodes. Niclosamide is a chlorinated salicylamide that inhibits the production of energy derived from anaerobic metabolism. It may also have adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) stimulating properties. Inhibition of anaerobic incorporation of inorganic phosphate into ATP is detrimental to the parasite. Niclosamide can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria, but this action requires dosages that are higher than those commonly used in treating worm infections. 

Many xenobiotics, or chemicals that are foreign to the body, undergo metabolism. This type of metabolism is different from the metabolism of food nutrients necessary for production of energy to drive bodily functions. The purpose of xenobiotic metabolism is to convert active chemicals into inactive forms or convert inactive chemicals into active ones, and to transform chemicals into more water-soluble forms so that they can be more easily excreted via the urine and bile. To understand drug action, it is important to know whether the original chemical or the product of its metabolism (its metabolites), or both, is responsible for the pharmacological effects. 

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