Metabolic mode

K. A. HassaH, The Biochemistry and Uses of Pesticides Structure, Metabolism, Mode of Action and Uses in Crop Protection, 2nd ed., VCH VedagsgeseUschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1990. 

Autotrophy A unique form of metabolism foimd only in bacteria. Inorganic compounds (e.g., NH3, N02-, S2, and Fe2+) are oxidized directly (without using sunlight) to yield energy. This metabolic mode also requires energy for C02 reduction, like photosynthesis, but no lipid-mediated processes are involved. This metabolic mode has also been called chemotrophy, chemoautotrophy, or chemolithotrophy. 

The most critical issue to be investigated during the initial biofeasibility study is the determination of which metabolic mode—aerobic or anaerobic—is more appropriate for the specific contaminants. As shown in Table 14.5, the redox potential is closely related to the metabolic mode, and careful control of this parameter is required to maintain the optimum metabolic mode during bioremediation. A general rule is that the redox potential should be above 50 mV to maintain the activity of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and below that value for strictly anaerobic m icroorganisms.12... 

Schonfeld G. Metabolic modes of action of statins in the hyperlipoproteinemias. Atherosclerosis 1998 141 203-207. 

Hashimoto, K. Kanai, R. (1965) Studies on the toxicology of acrylonitrile, metabolism, mode of action and therapy. Ind. Health, 3, 30-45... 

A. Modes of Toxic Action. This includes the consideration, at the fundamental level of organ, cell and molecular function, of all events leading to toxicity in vivo uptake, distribution, metabolism, mode of action, and excretion. The term mechanism of toxic action is now more generally used to describe an important molecular event in the cascade of events leading from exposure to toxicity, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the toxicity of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Important aspects include the following ... 

Comparative toxicology is the study of the variation in toxicity of exogenous chemicals toward different organisms, either of different genetic strains or of different taxonomic groups. Thus the comparative approach can be used in the study of any aspect of toxicology, such as absorption, metabolism, mode of action, and acute or chronic effects. Most comparative data for toxic compounds exist in two areas—acute toxicity and metabolism. The value of the comparative approach can be summarized under four headings ... 

C. J. Kensler2 55 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Sr. Vice President in Charge, Life Sciences Div. Pharmacology, Biochemistry Nutrition cancer tissue metabolism mode of action of carcinogenic agents industrial toxicology... 

Haussler, M. R. Vitamin D3 Metabolism, Mode of Action, and Assay of Circulating Hormonal Form. In Vitamin D and Problems Related to Uremic Bone Disease (Norman, A. W., ed.), p. 25. Berlin Walter de Gruyter and Co. 1975. 

HassaH KA. The biochemistry of pesticides structure, metabolism, mode of action and uses in crop protection. 2nd ed., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1990. 

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