Mesogen, schematic representation

Fig. 3. a Schematic representation of mesogenic molecules possessing steric dipoles, b Schematic representation of mesogenic molecules possessing steric quadrupoles. c The formation of spatial associates of dipolar (1) and steric (2, 3) origin... 

FIGURE 5.7 Schematic Representation of typical, (partially) electroluminescent LC polymer architectures. (a) Rodlike structure, (b) Hairy-rod structure, (c) Combined main-chain-side-chain system, (d) Semiflexible segmented structure, (e) Semiflexible segmented structure with disklike mesogen. (After Weder, C. and Smith, P., Main-chain liquid-crystalline polymers for optical and electronic devices, in Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Technology, Buschow, K.H., Cahn, R.W., Flemings, M.C., Ilschner, B., Kramer, E.J., and Mahajan, S., Eds., Elsevier Science, New York, 2001.)... 

Figure 7.14 N, N-heterocyclic bis(carbene) gold mesogen and schematic representation of the bilayer. R = C H2 +i n = 12, 14, 16.

Figure 7.38 Schematic representation of the trinuclear discotic mesogens.

Figure 7.39 (a) Schematic representation of discotic mesogens with only three alkoxy chains (n = 7, 8) (b) schematic representation of the star-shaped dimer. 

Fig. 28. Schematic representation of rotational degrees of freedom in the mesogenic unit. Only C- and O-atoms are drawn for reasons of clarity...

The schematic representations used to describe the molecular design of the discussed mesogens are depicted in Table 1. 

Table I Schematic representation of the building blocks of the discussed mesogens...

Figure 3.36 Schematic representation of the chain stationary insertion mechanism of propylene polymerisation with the bridged mesogenic metallocene-based catalyst. Reproduced by permission from Ref. 402. Copyright 1995 Wiley-YCH Weinheim...

All Liquid Crystal Polymers are characterised by the fact that they contain stiff meso-genic groups, often inserted in flexible chain systems (so called "spacers") and connected to them by linking functional groups the mesogenic unit is inserted either in the main chain or in the side chains or (in exceptional cases) in both. We shall discuss MCLCPs and SCLCPs. A schematic representation of common structures of LCPs is displayed in Fig. 6.14 (Jansen, 1996). An example of a SCLCP with disc-like mesogens is displayed in Fig. 6.15 (Franse et al., 2002, 2004). 

Fig. 1. A schematic representation of the formation of a mesogenic supermolecule. Lehn [14] has used hydrogen-bonding between the two complementary sub-units to form the rigid central core...

Fig. 30 Schematic representation of the molecular model for dendrimers with one-terminal-chain mesogenic units. Model for the Smectic A supramolecular organization (here G3-Li dendrimer)...

Fig. 33 Schematic representation of the molecular model for the dendrimers bearing the L2 mesogenic unit. Model for the columnar supramolecular organization (D inter-columnar distance)...

Fig. 38 Schematic representation of the molecular model for codendrimers with one- and two-terminal-chain mesogenic imits (SmC and rectangular columnar phases)...

Fig. 74 Schematic representation of LC polypedes (all the mesogenic units are identical) and LC multipedes (either containing two different mesogenic units or two mixed end-on/side-on attachments)...

Figure 2.18 (a) Some typical mesogen groups, (b) Schematic representation of types of liquid crystal polymers according to the location of the mesogen groups in the main chain (right) or as side substituents (left). 

Fig. 60 Schematic representation of the nematic phases formed by multipedes 50 and 51 which have mixed lateral and terminal mesogenic groups...

Fig. 11 a Chemical structures of mono functional ureidotriazene 17 and ureidopyrimid-inone 18 derivatives and their mode of association into mesogenic dimers, b Bifunctional derivatives 19 and 20 and a schematic representation of their proposed self-assembly into main-chain supramolecular polymeric columns... 

FIGURE 5.7 Schematic representation of several arrangements of mesogens (cn) and flexible spacers ( chain and side chain of liquid crystalline polynners. 

FIGURE 11.10 Schematic representation of various possible arrangements of mesogens in polymer chain structures (1) main chain, (2) side chain, and (3) combinations of main and side chain. (Adapted from Sek, D., Structural variations of liquid crystalline polymer molecules, Acta Polymerica, 39, 599, 1988. With permission from Akademie-Verlag.)... 

Figure 2. Schematic representation of different types of polymer with mesogenic side groups that form LC phases. In case I (N,), only the mesogenic side groups give rise to LC ordering. In case II (Njj), only the polymer chain orients, whereas in case III (N, j) both the main chain and the side groups orient parallel to one another [22],...

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the arrangement of the main-chain ( B) and side-chain (i i) mesogens of combined LC polymers of type A (3.2.1) and B (3.2.2).

Figure 6. Schematic representation of LC elastomers prepared from chiral combined main-chain/side-chain copolymers, d] main-chain mesogens Idl side-chain mesogens chiral groups [7],...

Figure 33. Schematic representation of the orientation of the mesogens in a deformed network as a function of the elongation axis and of the nature of the mes-ophase.

Figure 52 Schematic representation of polycatenar mesogens showing different potential terminal ring...

Figure 3.17 Schematic representation of an interfacial portion of an acid-dimer microdomain within which a polymer hydrogen-bonded mesogen is incorporated.

Figure 3.27 Schematic representation comparing (a) an ionic complex of a cationic polymer and an anionically functionalized mesogen, (b) an ionic complex of a cationic polymer and an anionic surfactant, and (c) a polymer to which a mesogen is covalently attached at a cationic site neutralized by a counterion.

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the guest-host Heilmeier cell (Ae positive). The open arrow indicates the polarization plane of the incident light whilst the open and closed ellipses represent the host mesogens and guest dyes respectively. The initial texture is planar.

Figure 4 Schematic representation of macromolecules of different rigidity (a) flexible chains (b) rigid-rod LC polymers (c) main-chain LC polymers with mesogenic groups (d) side-chain LC polymers with mesogenic groups (comb-shaped LC polymers).

Figure 20 Schematic representation of (a) the appearance of photoinduced anisotropy in films of azobenzene-containing polymers leading to orientation of photochromic and mesogenic groups (b) trans-cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene groups and (c) change in the direction of director n relative to the electric vector of the light wavelength, E, during photo-orientation.

Figire 21 Schematic representations of macromolecules of CL chiral photochromic comb-shaped polymers containing (1) mesogenic, (2) chiral, and (3) photochromic groups. 

Fig. 6 Schematic representation of the conical layer distribution of polydomain Sc elastomers exposed to uniaxial mechanical deformation (a) and corresponding X-ray pattern (b). 0 (denoted < > in this figure) is the Sc tilt angle, d the smectic layer spacing, and / the length of the mesogenic units. The layer normal k is conically distributed around the stress axis z. Reprinted with permission from [87]. Copyright (2008) American Chemical Society...

Fig. 13 Schematic representation of an effective, i.e. time averaged, molecular shape and the continuous temperature evolution of the order parameter S of mesogenic molecules in LCEs according to two possible scenarios (a) the supercritical scenario in which the order parametea-5 is hmnogeneous and S(T) is continuous because of the supercritical value of the internal field G, and (b) the heterogeneous sctmaiio in which the domain structure exists in the LCE. In each domain, the PN-N phase transition occurs at a different temperature 7pn n, distributed symmetrically around the mean value. o- Ihis results in a smeared transition and the continuous temperature dependence of the avtaage order parameter (S), even if the phase transition in individual domains is discontinuous...

Figure 1. Schematic representation of side chain liquid crystalline polymers showing the necessity of decoupling the mesogenic groups and the polymer backbone through flexible spacers. 

Intra-chain mesogens Extra-chain mesogens Intra- and extra-chain mesogens Figure 14.1. Schematic representation ofliquid crystalline polymers [28]... 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of columnar structures of discotic mesogens (a) upright columns, (b) tilted columns.

Figure 2. Schematic representation of the design of mesogens with lateral segments containing a cyclic unit.

Figure 11. Schematic representation of the molecular packing of double-swaUow-tailed mesogens in smectic and filled smectic A phases.

---