Men, and masculinities

Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used, both men and women are included. 

Neale, Steve. 2003. Masculinity as Spectacle Reflections on Men and Mainstream Cinema. Hollywood. Ed. Steve Schatz. New York Taylor Francis. 

Even the lines between men and women themselves, between masculine and feminine, are portrayed as under attack in the Bond novels. The mixed gender-marking of Vivienne Michel s Ml name—a woman s name followed by a man s name—is emblematic of the creeping androgyny that is portrayed as a menace in the Bond novels, even in this era pre-dating the women s movement of the late nineteen-sixties and early nineteen-seventies. 

In order to understand the dialectic process more thoroughly, Marx says that, we are necessarily forced to examine minutely what men were like... what were their respective needs, their productive forces, their mode of production, the raw materials of their production... To get to the bottom of all these questions—what is this but to draw up the real, profane history of men. ..and to present these men as both the authors and the actors of their own drama (Marx, 2001 [1849] 223). We will examine how James Bond s and Woody Allen s characters express masculinity through what they need and consume, what they produce in their work, and what their raw materials are including habits and appearance, actions and words, and of course, their gadgets and toys. 

Alfliough a strong effort has been made over the past decades to avoid sexism in education and science, a solid image of science as a masculine job is still pervasive (Calloni, 2009). It seems fliatthe hidden curriculum creates a scientific bias between women and men and perpetuates the transmission of stereotypes, often involuntarily, to students. This kind of process has a negative impact on the lives of both women and men and on society as a whole. 

Feminist theorists like Harding (1991), Haraway (1991), and Fox Keller (1985) have argued that theories of knowledge production must take into account the situated viewpoints of individuals within economic and social communities. Their research raises epistemological questions about how we value information when it comes from sources outside traditional disciplinary and intellectual frameworks. For rhetoricians, feminist theory helps us. see (a) how culturally constructed notions of masculinity have influenced how we think about risk and safety in the workplace and (b) how the discourse practices of science reflect institutional and cultural assumptions that may inadvertently or deliberately silence the voices of men and women who labor in risky occupations. 

Edward s arguments implicitly depict the characterization of the project mentality , a particular masculinity within software engineering argued by Murray (1993). Edward s assertion of men and women was based on an observation of other Silicon Valley companies rather than his own, though. His own company was in contrast, seen as particularly good at facilitating work-life balance and flexible working... 

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