Membranes for Other Membrane Processes

Gould et al. [27] studied the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by AFM and reported that the surface roughness could distinguish between the amorphous and crystalline regions. They also suggested that irregularities on the surface could affect the physicochemical properties of the film. 

11 a-d. AFM images of a PVDF porous membrane (a and c, pore dimension 100 nm) and thoseof a dense PVDF-HFP membrane (b and d) before grafting (a and b) and after grafting (c and d). Reprinted from [31]. Copyright 2004, with kind permission from Eisevier 

AFM tapping phase images for sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer and Nation 117 a PBPS-00, b PBPSH-20, c PBPSH-40, d PBPSH-50, e PBPSH-60, and f Nation 117 (add form). Scan boxes are 700 X 700 nm and phase scales are 0-30° for (a-d). Scan boxes are 350 x 350 nm and phase scales are 0-10° for (f). Reprinted from [32]. Copyright 2002, with kind permission from Elsevier 

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