Membrane sampling technique, description

For a description of the various sample preparation techniques, such as, solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), headspace and purge and trap (P T), dynamic membrane extraction (DMA) and the different detection methods, the reader is directed to the other chapters of this book and especially the chapter on sample preparation methods. 

While samples enter a laboratory where they are analyzed, it is rare for the information to be used there the decision-makers usually reside outside of a laboratory. Therefore, a laboratory should integrate with its client departments to become an efficient part of an organization or enterprise. One element of this integration is to take the laboratory to the sample or process rather than the sample to the laboratory. When taking the laboratory to sample the analytical chemist can use conventional equipment or use some of the processes and techniques outlined in this article such as electronic noses and tongues, membranes, sensors of all descriptions, and continuous flow systems. 

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