Membrane filtration selecting parameter

Stirred cell systems were selected for the experimental work for a number of reasons (1) volumes are small which is required for the use of IHSS reference material, (ii) membrane samples are small which allows the use of a new membrane for each experiment, (iii) the solution chemistry can be precisely controlled, (iv) experiments are relatively short and thus the investigation of a great number of parameters is possible, and (v) the concentration in the cell represents the concentration in a crossflow module (recovery about 70%). A comparison of mass transfer values was demonstrated in the case of NF in Chapter 7. Drawings of the filtration equipment are shown in Appendix 2, A hydrodynamic analysis is also shown in Appendix 2. 

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