Membrane cross-linked

Later, they reported the photoregulation of the degree of ionization and swelling of poly(methacrylic acid) membrane cross-linked with 1 mol-% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate onto which positively charged p-phenylazophenyltrimethylammonium ions (PTA) were absorbed (Eq. (9)). 

Separation of water-acetic acid poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes cross-linked with mixtures glutaraldehyde Aroma compound separation, pharmaceutical and flavor-perfume industry Pervaporative separation of acetic acid-water mixtures was performed over a range of 70-90 wt% acetic acid in the feed at temperatures varying from 35°C to 50°C [110]... 

In Fig, 1 the phenol retention of membranes cross-linked in saturated solutions of dicarhoxylic acids is represented as a function of the number of carbon atoms of the dicaurboxylic acid. The solubility of the dicarhoxylic acids in water... 

The behavior of membranes cross-linked by veurious ketones was investigated in the same way. These membranes possess exceptionally good mechcuiical properties. Moderate values for flux cuid phenol retention were found (see table III). Since the object only was to ccm are different cross-linking reagents, no further attempt was made to improve the flux and the retention. 

Table IV gives the retention and product flux for membranes cross-linked by dicarbonyl compounds in presence of various aqueous solutions of phenol, sodium sulfide, pyridine and eumnonia. The strong concentration dependence of the retention in the presence of phenol and the dependence of the flux on the solute is interesting. Membranes with 95% retention for phenol at fluxes of about O.lOO m /(m d) can be easily obtained.

Table II PVA-Membranes Cross-linked by Dicarboxylic Acids and Cr(III) solution... 

T. Sata, K. Teshima and T. Yamaguchi, Permselectivity between two anions in anion exchange membranes cross-linked with various diamines in electrodialysis, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1996, 34, 1475-1482. 

Figure 4.20 Scanning transmission electron micrograph of a precursor membrane for an anion exchange membrane (cross-linking 20%) A pasty mixture of chloro-methylstyrene and divinylbenzene was copolymerized in the presence of acrylonitrile—butadiene rubber (inert polymer) ratio of divinylbenzene to total vinyl monomers 20%.

Figure 5.42 Change in transport number of sulfate ions relative to chloride ions of an anion exchange membrane with the concentration of diethylene glycol in the desalting side solution. After the anion exchange membrane (cross-linked 10%) had been immersed in diethylene glycol for 48 h at 45 °C, electrodialysis was carried out using a mixed solution composed of 0.20 N sodium sulfate, 0.20 N sodium chloride and diethylene glycol of various concentrations at 80 mA cm 2 for 60 min at 25.0 °C.

Spinach thylakoid membranes Cross-linking in albumin-glutaraldehyde Electrochemical measurement PbClj, CdCb... 

This chapter deals with CS or its derivatives as a membrane material in the field of membrane technology. This covers the brief history of membranes, qualities of CS as a good membrane material, methods to prepare CS-based membranes, cross-linking agents and its effects, and modification of CS and its applications in the various fields like wastewater purification, pervaporation, fuel cells, and hemodialysis. 

Miao, J., Chen, G., Gao, C., and Dong, S. 2008. Preparation and characterization of Al, O-carboxymethyl chitosan/ Polysulfone composite nanofiltration membrane cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. Desalination 233 147-156. 

There is now general consensus that a hydrated PFSA membrane forms a two-phase system consisting of a water-ion phase distributed throughout a partially crystallized perfluorinated matrix phase [25,26,27]. The crystallized portion of the membrane cross-links the polymer chains, preventing complete dissolution of the polymer at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the polymer [25] ( 405 K for Nafion [26]). For a detailed review and discussion of membrane morphology, readers are referred to Weber and Newman [27], and to Kreuer et al. [16]... 

Background. To determine interacting partners of DLPl on the peroxisomal membrane, cross-linking and immunoprecipitation studies have been performed. A protocol is presented that has been used to test whether there is a physical association between DLPl and Pexll proteins Pexllpa, fl, and 7-... 

Copolymers of 4-Vinylpyridine. Acrylonitrile improves the tensile strength of these reverse-osmosis membranes. Cross-linking qnatemization of the copolymers with diiodobutane improves the performance of the membranes, achieving salt rejection of 95% and hydraulic water permeabihty of up to 30 x 10 cm /(s Pa). The quaternized membranes also are anion exchangeable more than two-thirds of iodide exchanges with chloride (162). 

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