Medicines Ginkgo biloba

Watanabe CM, Wolffram S, Ader P, Rimbach G Packer L, Maguire JJ, Schultz PG Gohil K. (2001) The in vivo neuromodulatory effects of the herbal medicine ginkgo biloba. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 6577-6580. 

Digitalis glycosides + Herbal medicines Ginkgo biloba... 

Mix JA and Crews WD (2000). An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adults. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 6, 219-229. 

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba). Reprinted with permission from Sturdivant and Blakely. (1999). Medicinal Herbs in the Garden, Field, and Marketplace. Friday Flarbor, WA San Juan Naturals. Illustration by Peggy Sue McRae. 

Lickey ME, Gordon B. (1991). Medicine and Mental Illness. New York W. H. Freeman and Company. Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D. (1996). St. John s wort for depression—an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 313(7052) 253-58. Lingjaerde 0, Foreland AR, Magnusson A. (1999). Can winter depression be prevented by Ginkgo biloba extract A placebo-controlled trial. Acta Psychlatr Scand. 100(1) 62-66. 

Within the domain of medicinal plants, preparations of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) are the most widely sold phytomedicines, with sales of over US 1 billion in 1998. " These principally involve special extracts of the leaves. Flavonoids are, at least in part, responsible for the beneficial effects of Ginkgo extracts. Generally, enriched ginkgo extracts for the preparation of ginkgo products are standardized to contain 24% flavonoids and 6% terpene... 

Fessenden JM, Wittenborn W, Clarke L. Ginkgo biloba a case report of herbal medicine bleeding postoperatively from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 2001 67 33-35. 

Hori, T. Ridge, R.W. Tulecke, W. Del Tredid, P. Tremouillaux-Guiller, J. Tobe, H., Eds. Ginkgo biloba a global Treasure From biology to medicine. Springer Tokyo, 1997. 

These days everybody is talking about ginkgo biloba, a concentrate made from the extracts of the leaves of a tree that has been around for over two hundred million years. The species was brought from China to Europe in the eighteenth century, and it became a popular decorative tree. It also serves a medicinal purpose. The leaves are picked, dried, and ground to a powder. This powder is extracted with an acetone-water mixture, and then these solvents are evaporated off. The residue that remains is compacted into a variety of pills. Several components of this residue may have beneficial effects in particular, they may improve circulation to the brain. Clinical studies have confirmed that ginkgo extracts dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow in arteries and capillaries. Two classes of... 

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY OF GINKGOLIDES FROM GINKGO BILOBA... 

Drieu, K. Jaggy, H. History, development, and constituents of EGb 761. In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles, Vol. 12 Ginkgo biloba. Amsterdam Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000, 267-277. 

Nakanishi, K. A personal account of the early ginkgobde structural studies. In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles, Vol. 12. Ginkgo biloba. Amsterdam Harwood Academic Pubbshers, 2000, 143-150. 

Ginkgo biloba has existed on earth for over 280 million years. The fossil record indicates that it has undergone little significant evolutionary change for eons. Extracts of the ginkgo tree have long been used in China, India, and Japan in medicine and cooking. 

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