Medicine polymers

Knowing the extent of a given reaction is crucial. How much product— medicine, polymer, or fuel—can you obtain from a particular reaction mixture How can you adjust conditions to obtain more If a reaction is slow but has a good yield, will a catalyst speed it up enough to make it useful ... 

Very recently, a new class of water-soluble imide-based polymers known as polymeric betaines has been discovered with a view for application in medicine. Polymers possessing positive and negative charges on the same repeat unit are insoluble in pure water because of the formation of intra- and inter-chain associations. However, they become soluble in water after adding small amounts of salt (e.g., NaCl). Some of these polymeric betaines have attracted much interest for their biocompatible properties due to strong resistance toward protein absorption [64, 65]. 

Dihydroxybenzophenones are used for the syntheses of dyes, polymers, and medicines. They are prepared by the condensation of resorcinol with benzoic acids. Catalysts used for this transformation are sulfonic resins (99), boron trifluoride (100), or zinc chloride in the presence of POCl (101). 

Medicine. There are many appHcations of PEI in the medical sector. Analytical methods, such as the quantitative deterrnination of the surface charge of semm Hpoproteins (442), are aided by use of PEI, and it is also used as a carrier in the development of polymer dmgs (443,444). 

Diagnostic medicine is placing demands on technology for newer materials and appHcation techniques, and polymers are finding ever-increasing use in diagnostic medical reagents (7). 

In general, methacrylate polymers are considered nontoxic. In fact, various methacrylate polymers are used in food packaging (qv) and handling, in dentures and dental fillings (see Dental materials), and as medicine dispensers and contact lenses. However, care must be exercised because additives or residual monomers present in various types of polymers can display toxicity. For example, some acryHc latex dispersions can be mild skin or eye kritants. This toxicity is usually ascribed to surfactants in the latex and not to the polymer itself. 

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has been used for quality control and test analysis in many industries including computers, semiconductors, metals, cement, paper, and polymers. EDS has been used in medicine in the analysis of blood, tis-... 

In one of the early experiments designed to elucidate the genetic code, Marshall Nirenberg of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, 1968) prepared a synthetic mRNA in which all the bases were uracil. He added this poly(U) to a cell-free system containing all the necessary materials for protein biosynthesis. A polymer of a single amino acid was obtained. What amino acid was polymerized ... 

The Paal synthesis of thiophenes from 1,4-diketones, 4-ketoaldehydes and 1,4-dialdehydes has found great use in the synthesis of medicinally active compounds, polymers, liquid crystals and other important materials. Furthermore, the discovery of the catalyzed nucleophilic 1,4-conjugate addition of aldehydes, known as the Stetter reaction (Eq. 5.4.1), has enabled widespread use of the Paal thiophene synthesis, by providing 1,4-diketones from readily available starting materials. ... 

Not all carbon compounds are derived from living organisms, of course, and chemists over the years have developed a remarkably sophisticated ability to design and synthesize new organic compounds. Medicines, dyes, polymers, food additives, pesticides, and a host of other substances are now prepared in the laboratory. Organic chemistry touches the lives of everyone. Its study is a fascinating undertaking. 

Polymers are a fundamental part of the modem world, showing up in everything from coffee cups to cars to clothing. In medicine, too, their importance is growing for purposes as diverse as cardiac pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and biodegradable sutures. 

With the development of the polymer field in medicine, great attention has been paid to particulate forms of drugs [82], The most widespread methods for the preparation of particulate drugs are microencapsulation and microgranulation, i.e., the inclusion of BAS into spherical shapes of predetermined dimensions. One form of particulate drugs is microcapsules or artificial cells as they were called by... 

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