Medicine artificial heart valves

Polymers are a fundamental part of the modem world, showing up in everything from coffee cups to cars to clothing. In medicine, too, their importance is growing for purposes as diverse as cardiac pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and biodegradable sutures. 

Medicine. In the medical field, for example, Abaqus 6.10-EF finite element analysis (EEA) allows designers to envision new developments in established medical devices (improving artificial heart valves, for example) or the creation of new medical devices. GAD software, ideally, allows a user to simulate real-world performance. 

The application of polymeric materials in medicine is a fairly specialized area with a wide range of specific applications and requirements. Although the total volume of polymers used in this application may be small compared to the annual production of polyethylene, for example, the total amount of money spent annually on prosthetic and biomedical devices exceeds 16 billion in the United States alone. These applications include over a million dentures, nearly a half billion dental fillings, about six million contact lenses, over a million replacement joints (hip, knee, finger, etc.), about a half million plastic surgery operations (breast prosthesis, facial reconstruction, etc.), over 25,000 heart valves, and 60,000 pacemaker implantations. In addition, over AO,000 patients are on hemodialysis units (artificial kidney) on a regular basis, and over 90,000 coronary bypass operations (often using synthetic polymers) are performed each year (]J. 

This is almost the same in the medical field. The current quahty of care could not be achieved without plastic to which no one pays attention blood bags, heart valves, prostheses, artificial corneas, capsule medication, etc. Once again, if plastics are the most effective materials, it is because they possess, unlike other materials, all the properties required in medicine exceptional sealing, perfect hygienic barrier, lightweight, flexibility, plasticity, durability, transparency, compatibility with other materials and low cost. 

The high chemical stabiUly and favourable mechanical properties of PP lead to its important use in medicine. It was applied for lining the valves of artificial hearts and for ball joint prostheses in the early 1970s. PP shows a moderate response of the tissues of the living body. It is commercially available in the form of suture threads [54]. 

The convenient properties of liquid and solid dimethylpolysiloxanes (thermal and chemical stability, hydrophobicity, anti-adhesive behavior, etc.) make them suitable for a variety of technical applications in medicine. Especially pure preparations (Silastic ) have been used to construct artificial limbs, gullets, cardiac valves, trachea, etc., and in face-lifting. Silicon rubber breast implants, which are filled with a polysiloxane gel, have been used cosmetically. Synthetic arteries impregnated with silicon do not break or cause coagulation, they are flexible, and they are well tolerated immunologically. Silicones prevent the formation of foam in equipment for artificial blood circulation (heart-lung machines). The surfaces of such equipment, and of the... 

---