Median survival time

The economic impacts of HIV/AIDS disease have also been analyzed in Europe. Beck (1995) studied the AIDS-related costs in a national AIDS referral center in London. He concluded that share of total drug cost increased between 1985 and 1989 from 5.0% to 30.0%. The median survival time from the date of the diagnosis of AIDS was 14.6 months before the introduction of Zidovudine (1987) and 21.0 months afterwards. 

Platinum regimens are also the treatment of choice in extensive disease, and many studies have failed to show superiority to the EP regimen as first-line treatment. A combination of irinotecan and cisplatin in one Japanese study demonstrated an increased median survival time by approximately 3 months... 

Abel, P.D. and S.M. Garner. 1986. Comparison of median survival times and median lethal exposure times for Gammarus pulex exposed to cadmium, permethrin and cyanide. Water Res. 20 579-582. 

Egg production reduced in all treated groups females in the 8 and 400 pg/kg groups had a reduced number of mature oocytes. Median survival time of larvae in high-dose group was 7.7 days vs. 14 days in controls... 

Median survival time of the treated animals)/(median survival time of the control animals) X 100. 

Tumour profiling during gefitinib clinical trials has also shown a longer median survival time in patients with a high EGF receptor gene copy num-... 

As in the case of geldanamycin, synthetic efforts have been directed to identify radicicol derivatives with improved in vivo activity [188,189]. A representative example of this new class of inhibitors is KF58333 (compound 47, E-form isomer. Fig. 8), which increased the median survival time of mice inoculated with K562 chronic myelogenous leukemic cells when given i.v. at 50mg/kg [189]. 

P388 cells implanted i.p., i.p. or i.v. treatment (15 mice per group) N3P3AZ6 was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution N. P Azg and N P PyrrOg were suspended in Klucel JF (Hercules Co.) water solution median survival time of control 9.9 days. 

ILS Figs, are definitely smaller for the L1210 than for the P388 (III) is the only compound which exhibits a significant (i.e., % ILS > 25) activity in a mono-injection protoa>l. A Q3D (1, 4, 7) schedule — chosen in order to take into accoimt the fact that the median survival time of control animals is only about... 

LEUKEMIA DRUG DOSE MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME %ILS... 

L1210 cells implanted i.p., i.p. treatment (10 mice per group) median survival time of control ... 

Walker et al. reported on the combined data from a series of BTSG trials and demonstrated a stepwise prolongation of survival with increasing dose. Median survival times for patients in the 50-, 55-, and 60-Gy subgroups was 28, 36, and 42 wk, respectively. The difference in survival observed between the 50 and 60 Gy groups was significant... 

In an effort to overcome the lack of solubility, poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier and decreased delivery of conventional systemic agents by a compromised intratumoral blood supply, several studies have evaluated various combinations of BCNU alone or with other agents delivered intraarterally. Unfortunately, response rates and median survival times observed in patients treated with intraarterial chemotherapy have not been significantly different than those seen in patients treated with standard intravenous nitrosurea-containing regimens, while increased rates of toxicity such as leukoen-cephalopathy, retinal injury, edema, myelosuppression, sepsis, and thrombotic complications have been noted (40-46). 

RTOG 9602 evaluated weekly paclitaxel and conventional radiotherapy for patients with GBM. Previous studies had shown taxanes to be potent radiosensitizers. Thirty-five evaluable patients were reported (49). With a median follow-up of 20 mo the overall median survival was 9.7 mo with median survival times for RPA classes II, IV, V, and VI being 16.3, 10.2, 9.5, and 2.5 mo, respectively. Median survival by RPA class with brief taxane therapy was comparable to RTOG historical controls treated with standard EBRT and BCNU (1-yr BCNU). Clinicopathologic evaluation did not disclose any cor-... 

Study Median survival time (mo) 2-Yr Survival rate % ... 

We have mentioned earlier in this chapter that it is not possible to calculate the mean survival time. It is, however, usually possible to obtain median survival times Irom the Kaplan-Meier curves. The median survival time for a particular... 

We mentioned earlier, in Section 13.1, that if we did not have censoring then an analysis would probably proceed by taking the log of survival time and undertaking the unpaired t-test. The above model simply develops that idea by now incorporating covariates etc. through a standard analysis of covariance. If we assume that InT is also normally distributed then the coefficient c represents the (adjusted) difference in the mean (or median) survival times on the log scale. Note that for the normal distribution, the mean and the median are the same it is more convenient to think in terms of medians. To return to the original scale for survival time we then anti-log c, e, and this quantity is the ratio (active divided by control) of the median survival times. Confidence intervals can be obtained in a straightforward way for this ratio. 

A group of 30 male Swiss mice was treated with undiluted epoxybutene, the initial monoepoxide metabolite of butadiene, by skin application at a dose of 100 mg three times per week for life. The median survival time was 237 days and four skin tumours were observed (Van Duuren et al., 1963). [The Working Group noted that this incidence was similar to that in control groups that were either administered solvents or left untreated]... 

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