Mechanism of phase transfer catalysis

Figure 3.56 in Section 3.8 illustrates the mechanism of phase-transfer catalysis. Tables 4.4 and 4.5 give examples of industrial importance in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, oleochemicals, etc. 

The mechanism of phase transfer catalysis is still a matter of discussion and remains a subject of some controversy. However, it will be roughly classified into two the extraction mechanism proposed by Starks121 and the interfadal mechanism by Makosza1111... 

What is phase transfer catalysis How it is useful Discuss the general mechanism of phase transfer catalysis. 

Mechanism of Phase-Transfer Catalysis The Omega Phase... 

Hradil, J.,F. Svec, and J. M. J. Frechet, Mechanism of Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-Ethylene Dimethacrylate Copolymers Modified with Tributylammonium Groups in Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions, Polymer, 28, 7595(1987). 

Landini, D., A. Maia, and F. Montanari, Mechanism of Phase Transfer Catalysis, J, Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 112 (1977). 

Starks. C. M. Modern Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Phase-Transfer Catalysis ACS Symposium Ser 659 American Chemical Society Washington EXT, 1997 pp 10-28. 

CM Starks. Modern Perspective on the Mechanisms of Phase-Transfer Catalysis. ACS Symposium Series 659. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1997. 

Yamazaky, N., Hirav, A., and Nakahama, S., Trans-stylbene oxidation under the influence of phase-transfer catalysts,/. Macromol. Sci., Chem., A13, 321, 1979. Neuman, R., and Sasson, Y, Autooxidation of weak carboxylic acids. The effect of PEG S and the mechanism of phase transfer catalysis,/. Org. Chem., 49, 1282, 1984. Branelle, D./., U.S. Patent 4,410,422, 1983. 

Figure 6.4. A schematic representation of the generally accepted extraction/solubilization mechanism of phase transfer catalysis.

Figure 12.1 General mechanism of phase-transfer catalysis in the presence of quat salts ... 

---