Mechanical stretch mechanochemical

D.W. Urry, S.-Q. Peng, L. Hayes, J. laggard, and R.D. Harris, A New Mechanism of Mechanochemical Coupling Stretch-induced Increase in Carboxyl pK, as a Diagnostic. Biopolymers, 30,215-218,1990. 

Studies involving fluid shear, hydrostatic compression, biaxial and uniaxial stretch, or a combination of two or more of these factors indicate that fluid shear is a major factor affecting bone cell metabolism and cells subjected to mechanical stress reshape and align themselves with their long axis perpendicular to the axis of force. Cells also exhibited remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and increases in PKC levels, processes thought to be involved in the early phase of mechanochemical transduction. 

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