Measurement window

Mach-Zehnder interferometers allow the monitoring of gas concentrations and even the determination of analytes in liquids. Normally one of the measurement arms is covered with a thin polymer film into which the analyte can sorp. According to Nemst s distribution law, we have an equilibrium between the mobile and the stationary phase if a gas or a liquid pass the measurement window . Figure 12 shows a variety of results. 

Date of measurement windows taken together Polarizing prisms taken together... 

The measured thermalization rates for the gases used in the 1989 At experiment clearly indicate that at the lowest pressures, the Ps is well above room temperature at the beginning of the measurement window. To determine the systematic effect of epithermal Ps on the At measurement it then becomes crucial to know how the collisional quenching rate, Aq(n,v), depends on Ps veloc-ity/temperature. We can write Aq(n,v) as ... 

Figure 1 Time-resolved detection of a fluorescent signal. The fluorescent signal from the long-lived tracer (red dashed line) is integrated after a fixed delay time to exclude the fluorescence background (black line) from the measurement window (yellow)...

Another alternative makes use of the temperature dependence of supramolecular interactions. Most (but by no means all) host-guest associations feature negative enthalpies opening the option to transpose, for instance, a too high affinity into the measurement window by mere temperature elevation. Assuming typical values (AH = —40 kJ mol, ACp = 200 J moH ) for simple host-guest sys-... 

Photo of test furnace with large size observation/measurement windows. 

At a sedimentation distance h and lime r. the velocity is w - hh, and sedimenting particles with diameters less than or equal to a diameter called the Su>kex di ameter /stokes in the measuring window. The... 

For the NFBN modifier, no increase of the SAXS intensity after the first peak was observed. This was correlated to the fact that the y-phase, located at the core of subparticles as revealed by TEM, had dimensions greatest than those of the measurement window of the SAXS technique. 

Third, the pathway information established by the chemist is not singular but instead depends on the query nature and measurement window. Queries and measurements at resolution 1.00 pascal yield more information than at resolution 1(F pascals. This also means that if a system was programmed for A or B of Figure 4.12, and yet probed at Ap = lO pascals, then zero information would be obtained—aU... 

In the above equation, Agff denotes the difference in the effective refractive indices of reference and sample branches, ko denotes a constant (the so-called wave vector), and L is the length of the receptor region (the measuring window). 

The s vs frequency curves have the expected appearance, however, for lower concentrations (10-4 ]y[ jQ) jg difficult to estimate as it is shifting outside the measurement window. 

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