Maximal effort curve

FIGURE 4.13 Flow-volume curves for increasing effort level during expiration, including maximal effort Note eflbit-independent portion of curves. 

For research applications, where maximal accuracy is desirable even at the expense of time and effort, two maneuvers are possible. The first involves derivation of the initial dissociation curve using the standard calibration curve. A second computation follows, using the derived curve for calibration. This process is repeated until the derived and calibrating dissociation curves match each other. This method requires considerable calculations, but it is theoretically valid even for abnormal hemoglobins. The other technique for accurate dissociation curve analysis is simply a variation on the traditional method of carefully equilibrating aliquots... 

ADH is widely used for serum ethanol assay. ADH kinetics is sophisticated due to the reversibility of reaction and the inhibition by both acetaldehyde and NADH as products. To simplify ADH kinetics, some special approaches are employed to make ADH reaction apparently irreversible on single substrate (alcohol). Thus, reaction pH is optimized to 9.2 to scavenge hydrogen ion semicabarzide at final 75 mmol/L is used to remove acetaldehyde as completely as possible final nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NA1>) is 3.0 mmol/L final ADH is about 50 U/L (Liao, et al., 2007a). By assigning the maximal absorbance at 340 nm for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by the equilibrium method to Ame and that by kinetic analysis of reaction curve to Amk, kinetic analysis of ADH reaction curve should predict Amk consistent with Am but requires some special efforts. 

To reduce the experimental efforts in measuring cyclic stress-strain curves, the incremental-step test can be used. In this test, the strain amphtude is varied block-wise between zero and a maximal value as sketched in figure 10.30. After the block has been repeated several times, the material behaviour does not change an5rmore and a stationary state is arrived at. If the stress is measured at each of the strain maxima, the... 

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