Mastoid process

According to the embryological development, several parts can be differentiated in the temporal bone the petrous, tympanic, and squamous parts, and the styloid process. The mastoid process is ventraUy formed from the squamous part and dorsaUy from the petrous part. 

Transdermal scopolamine has current FDA indication only for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and recovery from anesthesia and surgery in adults. There is currently no FDA approval for use in the pediatric setting. A single 1.5 mg transdermal scopolamine patch should only be applied to the hairless area of the skin over-lying the mastoid process. Only one patch should be worn at any time. The patch should not be cut or altered in any way as this will disrupt the delivery process. 

CT and MRl are important methods for the initial evaluation of a paraganglioma. Even though the findings are usually not specific for this tumor and may mimic other nerve sheath neoplasms, these studies are highly effective to demonstrate the extension of the tumor into different regions like the carotid canal, the inner and middle ear, mastoid process, posterior fossa or pterygoid muscles. (Fig. 19.2a,d,e)... 

According to Wolffs law, alteration of function results in a change in the structure of bone. The mastoid processes are barely existent in a newborn infant but become larger, knob-like projections from the temporal bone by adnlt-hood. Hypertrophy of the inion most likely indicates chronic tension introdnced by the trapezius and splenii muscles. Asyimnetric or even symmetric stressors on bone or other bodily components bring abont long-term changes in structure. 

The physician cups the patient s head in the palm of his hand and slides his fingers along the occipital sulcus laterally until he palpates the tips of the mastoid processes. Tissue texture changes are noted. Then he moves his fingers just inferior and lateral to them and onto the... 

Mastoid portion posterior, including the mastoid process. 

Along the sternal portion of the muscle, with the electrode centered 1/3 of the distance between the mastoid process and the sternal notch... 

The two heads merge together and the muscle end over the mastoid process. Before the muscle end, it is pierced by the spinal accessory nerve. 

The patient is asked to either flex the head or to perform a combined motion of slight head extension and rotation to the opposite side that is being tested (to bring the mastoid process closer to the manubrium sterni). 

When acting alone, the contraction of this muscle brings the mastoid process closer to the sternum, rotating the head to the opposite side and extending it. 

---