Mass loss, radiation-caused

Polymers, their blends and composites may be exposed to radiation during radiation processing, or when exposed to irradiation (e.g., irradiative sterilization, exposure to radiation in space, exposure to radiation during wire coating) In space (hard vacuum and cold) the radiation may lead to mass loss (progressive surface erosion). However, in inert atmosphere, irradiation may cause crossUnking, degradation or both. 

Two miniature mixer-settler tests were made with feed composition similar to that expected from the IBP. The results (Table 6) demonstrate that 2 38Pu can be extracted and stripped with small losses to waste and solvent. Losses of plutonium to the 2AW are dependent on the flow ratio of 2AX/2AF. The loss to the waste solvent (2BW) is dependent on flow of the solvent (2AX). Lowering the 2AX flow increases the loss to 2BW caused by radiolysis. The lower flow increases the 238Pu concentration and the 238Pu residence time in the solvent giving a higher total radiation dose. Thus, the increase in loss to 2BW was less than expected even though the total dose increased a factor of 3 (increase in time and concentration is equal to the ratio of 2AX flow rates, 1.78 to 1 and therefore the increase is 1.782). The poor mass balance obtained in the first test in-... 

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease causing loss of bone mass and micro-architectural deteriorations. The current gold standard for the assessment of osteoporosis is the dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA enables the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). DXA has, however, several problems, for example, high cost, ionizing radiation and unsuitable for group screening. 

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