Markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase, Marker of Bone Resorption (TRACP, EC.3.1.3.2 5-TRACP)... 

Bone resorption markers are Listed in Box 49-5. N- and C-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx and CTx) and deoxypyridinoline are most frequently measured. Other markers include serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and hydroxyproline. Bone resorption markers, apart from TRAP, were initially measured in urine. More recently, methods using serum have been developed for a number of these analytes including N- and C-telopeptides. 

Halleen JM, Alatalo SL, Janckila AJ> Woitge HW, Seibel MJ, Vaananen HK. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption. Clin Chem 2001 47 597-600. 

Price CP, Kirwan A, Vader C. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of bone resorption. Clin Chem 1995 41 641-3. 

Acid phosphatases are enzymes that have been studied extensively due to the fact that their dysregulation is associated with pathophysiological conditions. This characteristic has been exploited for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. As an example, prostatic acid phosphatase was the first marker for metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and the dysregulation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase is associated with abnormal bone resorption linked to osteoporosis. 

Since disturbed acid phosphatase activity has been associated with pathological conditions, the research has focused on the development of diagnostic methods for detection of activity as a marker for the onset of the disease, and in some extent to the development of inhibitors rather than activators to treat those conditions in which the increase in enzyme activity has a direct effect on the evolution of the disease. In particular, only the development of bisphospho-nate derivatives as inhibitors for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase found their way to the market for treatment of osteoporosis [41], Typical inhibition of phosphatase activity includes anionic species such as L-(+)-tartrate, phosphate, vanadate, molybdate, and fluoride and neutral molecules such as formaldehyde. Vanadate ion,, is a competitive unspecific inhibitor for acid phosphatases by forming transition state analogs. Other oxoanions such as molybdate and tungstate also show inhibitory effects on... 

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