Maritime applications

Most chemical manufacturers furnish safety data sheets routinely with shipments to customers, whether or not the materials are labeled. At present, there is no regulatory requirement to do so (except for certain maritime applications, see below), although a current draft of a to be proposed OSHA regulation may eventually so require. 

The lEC deals with electrotechnical products while the IMO deals with tests and specifications for maritime applications. 

The proposed framework for formal vulnerability assessment [FVA] for maritime supply chains is presented below. In short, this is an expansion of the Formal Safety Assessment [FSA] methodology described by IMO for maritime applications (IMO 2002). FSA is a structured and systematic, tested and provenmethod-ology for enhancing safety, including protection of life, health, the marine environment and property, latest used for risk based design of vessels (SAFEDOR 2009). 

An example is a fuel-ceU hybrid system for maritime application. In [93] the first commercially used fuel-ceU passenger ship (ZEMship) is described. The propulsion system for this ship consists of two 48 kW PEMFC stacks hybridized with 201.6 kWh lead add batteries. Especially for maritime applications, the quiet and emission-free operation of fuel cells is an important factor. 

Thermal-imaging systems are now being marketed for night driving, heavy equipment operators, maritime applications, and pilots. As the costs of these systems decline they will be more widely available for the general public and possibly may eventually become a standard option in passenger vehicles. 

Czernichowski, A., Czernichowski, J., Czernichowski, P. and Wesolowska, K., Reformate gas production from various liquid fuels. Proceedings of the International Symposium and workshop on fuel cells and hydrogen for aerospace and maritime applications, pp. 121-130 (September 16-17 2004) Shaker, Hamburg, Germany. 

Table 37 Austenitic CrNi steels for maritime applications...

Sanquist, T. E Human Factors in Maritime Applications A New Opportunity for Multi-Modal Transportation Research. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 2 (1992) 1123-1127. 

Chapter 5 discusses the inception of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), originally proposed by the UK Maritime Coastguard Agency, in the maritime applications. The FSA is applied to fishing vessels with an illustrative example. The application of the FSA framework to containerships is also described. Detailed discussions on several aspects of FSA s application to ship design and operation are given. 

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