Marine coatings, antifouling

Bertram, V. Past, present and prospects of antifouling methods. 32nd WEGEMT School on Marine Coatings, pp.85-97. Plymouth, UK, 10-14 July (2000). 

Chem. Descrip. Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile CAS 1897-45-6 EINECS/ELINCS 217-588-1 Uses Mildewcide for water- and solv.-based coatings antifouling agent for marine coatings Features Broad spectrum Properties 96% act. 

DuPont Diy Film DuPont Dry Film 250/IPA DuPont Diy Film/IPA DuPont Dry Film/W antifouling agent, marine coatings Nuoclde 960... 

Virco-Pet 20 Virco-Pet 30 corrosion inhlNtor, anticorrosive paints Stapa 2 Stapa 2 VS Stapa 5 Stapa 5 VS Stapa 8 Stapa 15 VS Stapa 30 Stapa Luxal 4 Stapa Luxal 4 VS Stapa Luxal 15 Stapa Luxal 15 VS corrosion inhlNtor, antifouling marine coatings Perkacit MBT... 

Antifouling agents prevent the growth of mussels, sea urchins, and other marine life on marine coatings. They are used exclusively in topcoats, rather than in the primers that provide the corrosion protection to the metal substrate. 

Disinfectant Formulations and Sterilization. Hundreds of appHcations covering disinfectant compositions using sodium chlorite have been described in U.S. and foreign patents. Some examples of these are as antimicrobial additives for latexes (166), marine antifouling agents (see Coatings, marine) (167,168), antimildew detergent compositions (169), toothpaste and solution compositions for prevention and treatment of periodontal oral disease (see Dentifrices) (170—172), and compositions for the disinfection of contact lenses (qv) (173). 

Cathodic protection of an uncoated ship is practically not possible or is uneconomic due to the protection current requirement and current distribution. In addition, there must be an electrically insulating layer between the steel wall and the antifouling coating in order to stifle the electrochemical reduction of toxic metal compounds. Products of cathodic electrolysis cannot prevent marine growths. On the contrary, in free corrosion, growths on inert copper can occur if cathodic protection is applied [23]. 

Butyltin compounds, in contrast, are produced only anthropogenically. Besides the applications covered in this CICAD, there exist other applications of butyltin compounds that may represent a significant source of these substances in the environment. In particular, the use of tributyltin compounds in antifouling coatings represents a significant source of these substances in the marine and freshwater environments. Hence, many of the measured concentrations reported will relate predominantly to this use. 

Organotin levels of the sediments, especially in tributyltin, are found to be very high compared with those of waters. It has been shown that Bu3Sn+, like other organometallics, is adsorbed rapidly by marine and other sediments. The sediment therefore represents a sink for Bu3Sn+ leached from the antifouling coating of boats. 

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