Manure storages, ammonia

During the composting process much moisture is evaporated and a slight smell of ammonia is perceptible. After a successful spontaneous heating process has taken place, manure is obtained with a dry-matter content of at least 55%. This manure is suitable for transport and storage in the open air and can be easily applied by means of conventional manure spreaders. The minimum manure-storage requirement is not less than a 6 weeks capacity, a hardened floor and a roof. 

For this two reasons we experimented with a biological airwasher and a pilot biobed by this manure storage to reduce ammonia and odour in the first place ammonia for there has been damage to crops from this storage. 

Fig. 2 Simulations of ammonia emission for open and isolated stables and manure storage using hourly meteorological input of temperature and wind speed. All time series were created by using meteorological data for the year 2007 and the emission model available at http //www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/5221/2011/acp-l 1-5221-201 l.html [48]...

Langland M. 1992. Atmospheric deposition of ammonia from open manure-storage lagoons in south-central Pennsylvania. Environ Professional 14 28-37. 

Ammonia is evaporated from animal manure in the stable, in the storage and during and after landspreading. The amount of ammonia lost from the manure depends on many factors as ... 

However little is known about the relevant conditions in the stable or the storage pit and in the field. To give good advise to the farmer about his means to reduce ammonia emission this knowledge is necessary. For instance what is the effect of covering the manure pit and what are the losses after landspreading on a frozen field. 

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