Mantle conductive layer

Dubrovinsky L., Dubrovinskaia N., Langenhorst F., Dobson D., Rubie D., Gessman C., Abrikesov I. A., Johansson B., Baykov V. I., Vitos L., Le Bihan T., Grcichton W. A., Dmitniev V., and Weber H.-P. (2003) Iron—sihca interaction at extreme conditions and the electrically conducting layer at the base of Earth s mantle. Nature 422, 58—61. 

Poirier J. P., Malavergne V., and Mouel J. L. L. (1998) Is there a thin electrically conducting layer at the base of the mantle In The Core-Mantle Boundary Region (eds. M. Gurnis, M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, and B. A. Buffet). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 131-137. 

A two-color pyrometer has been used along with the phase-Doppler anemometer to simultaneously measure the local velocity and size of kerosene droplets and the temperature of burning soot mantle in a swirl burner.[648] The measurements were conducted within the flame brush that develops in the shear layer of a swirl-stabilized, gas-supported kerosene flame with a swirl number of about 0.19 and potential heat releases of 10.6 and 15.5 kW, respectively. The results showed that the maximum burning fraction of the droplets occurs adjacent to the region denoted as gas flame but the value ranges from 20 5 to 40 5% depending on the axial station, and decreases sharply across the shear layer. The flame mantle temperature was found to be independent of droplet diameter, which agrees with previous results in the literature. 

FIGURE 3.10 The thermal structure of old oceanic lithosphere over asthenosphere with a (normal) potential temperature of 1,280°C (the term potential temperature is defined in Section 3.1.4.3). The curve shows the horizontally averaged equilibrium thermal structure of oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere (after White, 1988). Also shown are the rigid MBL, the thermal boundary layer, and the adiabatic interior of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is sometimes referred to as the "conductive lid" of the mantle, as opposed to the convecting interior (asthenosphere). 

Earth s mantle the moving, flowing layer beneath the crust, electrical conductivity the ability of a substance, such as a metal or a solution, to conduct an electrical current, electrochemistry the study of chemical reactions that take place in galvanic or electrolytic cells. 

Let there be a thin spherical mantle with conductivity a around the surface of a spherical particle. Outside of the double layer, the conductivity ay is equal to conductivity of the electrolyte. The electric potential satisfies the Laplace equation, whose solution in the layered medium is... 

In cases where neither a conducting wall nor a strongly inhomogeneous imposed magnetic vacuum field can be used to control free-surface modes, a cold-mantle (gas blanket) can still be introduced for stabilizing purposes. In the cool and dense partially ionized boundary layer of a fully developed cold mantle, a large... 

It is assumed that the dust layer is eroding at the same rate as it is growing owing to the movement of its bottom (sublimation front of water ice) toward the center of cometary nucleus. The thickness of the dust mantle is therefore constant. The surface temperature is calculated according to the energy balance equation accounting for the absorption of solar radiation, the IR emission, and heat conduction through the dust mantle. 

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